Runic Alphabets in Scandinavia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Runic Alphabets in Scandinavia - Essay ExampleSadly, the meanings of these symbols and their purpose atomic number 18 now lost. Like runes, they were believed to be used for divination and they whitethorn have strongly influenced the witching(prenominal) function of later runic alphabets (Smith 1996).Historians and anthropologists argon uncertain about the advance(prenominal) uses of runes. They may have been used as actual characters for writing. However, the name rune suggests that they were as well as used as mystical signs or symbols which possess powerful magic. Early Germanic literature bear testimony to the magical character of runes. The Edda, a series of poems, and folk songs to these modern days attest to the influence that runes have on humanity.In fact, the supernatural powers of runes are said to have not only influence, but can defeat natural and physical laws. Runes can summon rain or violent thunderstorms. They can break set up and shackles, or bind men into the m. They can heal illness or cause someone to go disease. They could raise the dead from their graves. Warriors can become invincible with the help of runes, and cause his weapon to inflict baneful wounds to the enemy. Runes can make men mad, as they can also protect men from the deceitful designs of others.Runes are generally considered as of divine origin, since Odin himself, as related in the Edda, had to sacrifice his person in tramp to learn the secrets of the runes. Odin was also the foremost runemaster, according to Germanic literature, and was known to have used the stones to exercise ain revenge. Simultaneous with the magical use of runes, there is also evidence that they were used as a nitty-gritty of communication. These messages may have been popular or used in secret. Saga of Egill Skallagrmsson, his daughter Thorger apparently carved the Sunatorrek -- a beautiful poem on a runic staff or runakefli -- where Egill laments the death of his son. Stone monuments are als o lasting evidence of the roles played by runes in olden times. These are more popular in England and Scandinavia. Some of these monuments simply bear the name of a fallen warrior. Others relate his life and exploits. Since these runic inscriptions were often found in England and Scandinavia, it could be inferred that the use of runes for such purpose may be a later development (Ward & Waller, ed.).II. DiscussionA. General Development and Transformation of RunesRunes are also known as Futharks, named for the first six letters in their alphabet, namely, F, U, Th, A, R, and K. The Elder Futhark has 24 letters, the Younger Futhark has 16 letters. Futhark was brought into England by the Anglo-Saxons and modify into the 33-letter Futhorc, which accommodated the phonetic changes which occurred in Old English (AncientScripts.com). The runes of Scandinavia can be classified into three currents. They are also not related to the Futhorc of the Anglo-Saxon. The first period dates from aroun d 175 A.D. to the 8th century. However, some evidence yield that the period may have started much earlier, as far back as 50 A.D. This period is referred to as the Primitive Norse, and Christianity had not yet reached that far north. The language was called Primitive Old Norse for the Nordic Inscriptions and were in Germanic or Gothic languages in lands farther south. The language of this