Implementing Talent Development Strategies Essay

The organizations that are running the talent development programs may soon begin to find the high quality people who can be able to lead and to motivate others in order to achieve the highest levels of performance and productivity in the organization. This means that identifying the organizational education culture for the organization, people and top performers of the organization will revolve around some factors that lead to the development of an all round business professional. (Davis and Cutt, 1988). These include strategizing market and product or the services, instilling the manufacturing know how to the people, educating people on the distribution channels, financing strategies among others. Educational issues cover many issues such as cash and expense flow, position of the firm’s cash flow. The people undergoing the talent development will require getting instructions from skilled staff members to make solid decisions and to understand the technical issues that are involved. Education programs will include development of self awareness knowledge, effective problem solving and having good interpersonal communication. (Davis and Cutt, 1988). Training In the organizations if internal training programs are necessary for talent development, they should therefore be updated regularly. The management should also review these programs to see that they are up to date. Again, working in the training program should be a temporary move by employees who are in need of improving their career skills by sharpening their technical as well as presentation skills. (Davis and Cutt, 1988). An organization that is implementing the talent implementation program is likely to receive problems and resistance. This is because young employees are often faced with many problems sometimes that may come immediately after they begin their careers. (Davis and Cutt, 1988). The first problem which involves being offered jobs that they are not trained in. secondly, the firm may face the problem of too much experience which is caused by narrowing down of the career. In addition, the organization may face the problem of using techniques of talent development in order to protect ones career especially towards the person’s retirement. The above problems show that the development of new talents will stop if the firm fails to give appropriate conditions. This may be achieved through employee training. (Davis and Cutt, 1988). An OPD professional might help implement the strategies as well as address or resolve any problems or issues in the implementation of the talent program by making it clear to the organization the organizational requirements to maintain an organization’s competitive edge and to ensure the survival of the organization. The professional may provide means of developing the organizations effectiveness. The professi9onal is required to understand the strategic goals of the organization and to translate this in to the day to day running of the organizational processes. (Davis and Cutt, 1988).

Overdraft

An overdraft is when one has overdrawn at the bank. Meaning there is a negative balance due to spending more than the money that is in the bank. Bank overdraft is a temporary facility whereby a bank customer can withdraw more money than what is actually available in his/her account. Obviously the money doesn’t belong to them but belongs to the bank, so this money will need to be paid back. Normally, paying back is automatically done when money goes into the person’s account.However, a small amount of interest based on the amount overdrawn and the length of time overdrawn is charged, a bank overdraft is also a type of loan which can be used if required to provide additional working capital for a short period of time when there is a cash deficit. An overdraft is particularly useful when one has regular sales and purchases coming out of the account which could result in bad cash flow situations. The best thing to do is to avoid overdrafts entirely.Do this by creating a bud get, keeping an extra cash cushion in your account, managing your checkbook and checking your balance before making a purchase or writing a cheque. The advantage of a bank overdraft is that it is there when you need. It allows you to make essential payments whilst chasing up for your own payments, and helps to maintain cash flow. You only need to borrow what you need at the time. Overdrafts are also easy and quick to arrange, providing a good cash flow backup with the minimum of fuss.The disadvantages of a bank overdrafts is that it carries an interest and fees which is often at much higher rates than loans. This makes them very expensive for long term borrowing. You also face large charges if you go over the agreed overdraft limit. Unless specified in the terms and conditions, the bank can recall the entire overdraft at any time. This may happen if you fail to make other payments, or if you have broken terms and conditions; though sometimes the banks simply change their policies.Ov erdrafts may need to be secured against your business assets, which put them at risk if you cannot meet repayments. Unlike  loans  you can only get an overdraft from the bank where you maintain your current account. In order to get an overdraft elsewhere you need to transfer your  business bank account. Situation: Mr. T applied for an overdraft facility with collateral. He mortgaged his house in order to get an overdraft facility of RM200,000 with an interest of BLR-2. 2% with HSBC Bank (BLR-Base lending rate).RM200,000 is deposited into his account upon the completion of security documentation. Interest is only payable for the amount of money utilized and he is given a tenor of 10 years to repay back. If he does not utilize the RM 200,000, he need not pay any interest to the bank for that month. The bank only calculates interest for the utilized amount only on a daily basis. However, if he doesn’t utilize any money, the bank may impose a service charge. This type of ov erdraft facility is best for businessman.

A relevant furniture piece or other interior design element in the Assignment

A relevant furniture piece or other interior design element in the Regency and Revival period (1810-1860) - Assignment Example Furniture during the Gothic Revival period were made to fit the highest class and with consideration for use by the wealthiest as evident in the uality of the chair and the attention to detail in the design of the chair. Gothic Revival Furniture were important to the Regency and Revival period because it offered a change from the Neoclassic style that had prevailed for a long time and that it was within the period when designers used older designs as inspiration. The effect was a revival of older designs from the 12th century (Siegel, 43). The other importance of the Gothic Revival Furniture is the purity of geometric forms and forceful designs it evidenced, and they were designed with admirable elements. The Gothic Revival Furniture allowed for the emergence of ornamentation, curving forms, and complex design (Nielson, 355). The importance of the Gothic Revival Furniture to the revival period include that it resulted in the mass production of chairs by Lambert Hitchcock (1795- 1852) and Henry Belter (1804- 1863) introduced wood bending i9n his factory making chair making easier and better (Sheumaker and Shirley,

An audit of anaemia in haemodialysis patients Essay

An audit of anaemia in haemodialysis patients - Essay Example According to the NICE guidelines, published by the Royal College of Physicians, "Conventionally anaemia is defined as a haemoglobin concentration lower than[normal as defined by WHO]. This cut-off figure ranges from 11 grams per decilitre (g/dl) for pregnant women and for children between 6 months and 5 years of age, to 12 g/dl for non-pregnant women, and to 13 g/dl for men."1 "In 2002, Hsu et. al. analyzed data from the Third National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES III) (n=15,837) and found low iron indices to be frequently present at all levels of reduced creatinine clearance (CrCl)."2 Additionally, "[m]ore than 50% of CKD patients with an[a]emia were iron deficient, as indicated by serum ferritin 13 g/dl, but that there was no evidence either way for intermediate levels (11.5-13 g/dl) in comparison with higher or lower levels."5 One may wonder if particular medications can cause someone to become anaemic. "Some patients react to drugs because of inherited susceptibility, such as patients with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency. G-6-PD is an important enzyme that buffers the mature red cell against oxidative stress. In individuals who are deficient in

Government and nonprofit accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Government and nonprofit accounting - Essay Example The criteria should be used to determine the extent to which a transferor government either retains or relinquishes control over the receivables or future revenues through its continuing involvement with those receivables or future revenues. This Statement establishes that a transaction will be reported as a collateralized borrowing unless the criteria indicating that a sale has taken place are met. If it is determined that a transaction involving receivables should be reported as a sale, the difference between the carrying value of the receivables and the proceeds should be recognized in the period of the sale in the change statements. If it is determined that a transaction involving future revenues should be reported as a sale, the revenue should be deferred and amortized, except when specific criteria are met. This Statement also provides additional guidance for sales of receivables and future revenues within the same financial reporting entity (Government Accounting Standards Boa rd, 2006). This Statement includes a provision that stipulates that governments should not revalue assets that are transferred between financial reporting entity components.

INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE MANAGEMENT Lab Report

INTRODUCTION TO QUANTITATIVE MANAGEMENT - Lab Report Example otal profit that can be obtained while satisfying the constraints (in this case maximum benefit of 710) gave 26 for moulding, 14 for trimming and 13 for packaging. However, these values gave a profit of 705 which is less by 5. What this means is that an increase in either of the tree variables will give a gain value that is way above the limit that the company has in stored for the items (710). Therefore, the optimal values that the manufacturing can order and make optimal profit while satisfying the constraints is 26, 14, and 13 for moulding, trimming, and packaging respectively. Besides, the maximum amount of time that each component of moulding can take is represented in the above table. From the solver output, it is apparent that the production time remained. The maximum production time utilised in the manufacture was less from the total allocated time by 2500, 1700, and 300 for moulding, trimming, and packaging respectively. The remaining time could not be accounted for because any change in any of the three variables resulted in higher increase in the total amount of time allocated for each component. Therefore, the entire time was not utilised to obtain maximum production while satisfying the constraints of the equation. The result given by the solver is the optimal selection for each component that gives a maximum profit. One would argue that since the amount of resources available was not fully utilised its sensitivity was not 100%. However, it is apparent that the sensitivity for this selection was (705 / 710) * 100= 99.2%. Though this sensitivity is not perfect, it is relatively high and appropriate. Therefore, the choice of each component given by the solver is sensitive as per the requirement to satisfy the constraints. Selection of parameters that satisfy constraints at 99% is a better option than a percentage lower because such selection should not exceed the available resource. For this reason, these values were the optimal and maximal choice

Why is Distribution so essential to success in terms of revenue How Coursework

Why is Distribution so essential to success in terms of revenue How has online marketing changed the nature of the business Post answer using a specific example while explaining it in detail - Coursework Example A good distribution channel would increase the market share of a business and therefore increase sales. Increased sales would result in increased revenue. It is therefore necessary for any business to go for a distribution channel that has less costs but which would give the business an advantage over competitors. That would usually constitute a channel that has marketing experience, the proximity of the channel to the market as well as the ability for management to control several distribution channels (Dent 107). Online marketing has made marketing more interactive. Businesses are able to have real time chats with their customers and get feedback on their products online. San Chez Bistro in Grand Rapids uses online marketing and the customers can make reservations for seats at the restaurant online. The response is almost instant and that saves time for the patrons who would otherwise have to visit the restaurant to make reservations. With online marketing, the business can reach out to many customers who would engage the business in chats as they make suggestions, corrections or inquiries. It is a convenient way to reach out to customers with the advantage of real time correspondence. San Chez Bistro uses a combination of social media and local marketing to ensure success for its online marketing

Oedipus the King Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Oedipus the King - Essay Example The truth is, he is strongly inclined towards laws laid down and social order as far as the harmony and balance of the society is concerned and his uses his intelligence and secretive action to live up to that towards the end of the play. He can be categorized as a wise man and being capable of supporting a free outlook when under limited societal influence and peer pressure. Much like other citizens and political figures in Thebes he possesses a powerful mind as is seen later in the play as his action plan is disclosed beating Oedipus as well as Jocasta’s mind games (MacKay, 1962). Deception and in some ways being misunderstood due to the complexity of his character are common reactions associated with the character of Creon. The fact that he symbolizes a political figure that has great respect for social order is negated by his ability to commit clandestine; these acts direct the audience towards a completely different line of thought. A lot of the initial preconception as f ar the nature of his character is concerned is attributed to the fact that initially at the beginning Creon is shown in isolation with the people of Thebes. It was only later that his character is seen to have some interest in the society. ... Creon’s defense was such that this decision was a reflection of the thought process of a business man who possessed strong political orientation; this makes him a master manipulator, who has the valuable ability to choose the right time to speak, take meaningful action and always consider the presence of the audience; An example of his artful manipulation being the fact that he does not reveal his news despite the continuous insistence of Oedipus and Jocasta and instead equivocating and dissembles happily. His ability to be reasonable and his strong opinion which he raises against the king by hinting the unequal distribution of power despite the united rule of Oedipus an Jocasta is perhaps commendable but it is also a foolish move as he openly hints that Oedipus is king simply because of the power the title holds. His candid opinion gets the attention of the audience who at first disapprove however it later becomes the focus point of their sympathy as he is banished due to it: â€Å"I was not born with such a frantic yearning to be a king- but to do what kings do. And so it is with every one who has learned wisdom and self-control† (36.587-590). So with time Creon’s mistake which he pays for by speaking against the king later transcends to be a voice of reason that speaks in favor of social order and equality in ruler ship making Oedipus look like a fool. Creon captivates the audience through this situation, a scenario so artfully played out where he is punished for his individual reasoning and valid outlook. A critical way to analyze this situation through another perspective would suggest that Creon was manipulation the circumstances so that they would work in his favor. It is later revealed that he actually

Microsoft Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Microsoft - Essay Example r of business organizations compete with Microsoft using an open source commercial model by adjusting and then dispensing open source software to customers at insignificant costs and thus earn revenue on complimentary products and services. Such businesses do not bear the total costs of development and research for the software. Further, advertising-based firms models look for revenue through delivering third party adverts to final consumers who get the software at no direct cost as Microsoft pays for the costs indirectly. Benefits in market acceptance of advertising or open source based software may unfavorably affect the company’s revenue, sales, and operating margins. The total subscription and license costs can vary depending on the available license levels and having a Software Assurance license. Microsoft Company has adapted the Elixir Workflow system, which is rich, web-based settings that that lets Microsoft connect many processes and people into certain business projects or activities. By using this technology, predefined business rules are achieved to get the company on toes. It manages and tracks different tasks linked to a project from distinct actions to approvals. This technology has helped Microsoft to visualize its daily operations and identify areas of productivity advancements. The Elixir Workflow System is configured based on the rights of the users and preferences. This ensures efficiency in production processes and security for the products (Lopatka and Page, 2007) With the use of Elixir, multiple applications can be achieved with only one interface. This provides Microsoft with a flawless approach to interoperability. For precise productivity, the system offers a full set of trading process management operations including decisions and branching, event-driven interactions, and automated activities. Generally, the Elixir Workflow System is a significant technology to Microsoft’s productivity as it integrates various Computer programs

Write a research paper creating an experiment using the cultivation Proposal

Write a paper creating an experiment using the cultivation theory - Research Proposal Example Television being the most popular kind of mass media is considered a common medium amongst American youth. As the matter of fact, the United States is leading the world when it comes to household televisions operation, with an average of more than eight hours per day (The Economist, 2007). According to Kubey and Csikszentmihalyi (2003), people who watch TV too much, can exhibit symptoms which are the same as that of substance dependence. The effects of television have been studied by scientists for decades, whereby they generally focused on relationship of watching violence on TV and being violent in real life (Berkowitz, 1964). Less concentration however, has been given to the primary allure of the small screen. Several people admit how they hate "couch potatoes", seeing oneself immersed into their sofas handling and manipulating the remote control for long hours. Parents more often complain about their children's' daily heavy television viewing. Larson (2001) of the University of Illinois discovered t... Parents more often complain about their children's' daily heavy television viewing. Larson (2001) of the University of Illinois discovered that, "TV is rarely used for positive developmental experiences and that viewing is associated with developmental liabilities". Moreover, some noted that, to much television consumption (expected to be more than four hours a day) is related to obesity, lower grades, transformed sexual norms and also negative effects in reading performance (Neuman, 1988). Others report , that larger amounts of television consumption has negative influences in sleeping patterns, frequency and quality of family meals, and self image (Van den Bulck, 2000). This research is paying attention to the effects of heavy television watching to the physical and social health of adolescents in some areas of Florida. Significance of the Study The findings of the study would be beneficial to the respondents and the rest of the adolescents. It will promote awareness on the benefits they get from television, at the same time will make them aware of the negative effects television may bring to their physical and social health dimensions. Proper intervention on their health will be recommended which can result to enhancement of their quality of life and sense of well being. The study can serve as an "eye opener" to families, particularly to parents, who may have overlooked the effects of television in relation to the health of their children. Appropriate communication, discipline styles and house rules implementation can be discussed at home with their children. The results of the study hopes to contribute to the entire community, since

Discrimination Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Discrimination Worksheet Essay †¢ What is discrimination? How is discrimination different from prejudice and stereotyping? Discrimination is unfair treatment to different categories of people based on many things including race, religion, culture, orientation, and so on. Prejudice is, in my terms, judging someone without actually knowing anything about them. Stereotyping is very similar to prejudice but it is widely known groups that people are placed in like jock or nerd. Discrimination is different because you are acting on the hatred you have for people instead of just thinking about it. For example, it is the difference between thinking about killing someone and actually doing it. Discrimination is probably the most hurtful because you are being open about it to someone instead of thinking it to yourself. †¢ What are the causes of discrimination? Many things can cause discrimination. The main thing, I would say, is it is a learned behavior. This means these people who discriminate were probably raised to feel this way towards a certain group of people. What you learn growing up can stay with you for the rest of your life. Here you are a defenseless child who knows nothing but are told to hate a certain group of people, you are going to listen because you were raised to. Then, when you’re older, you will automatically discriminate against this group because you were told to. There is discrimination against people of other races because they have a different skin color which makes them â€Å"different.† There is discrimination against gay people because we don’t understand why they â€Å"choose† to be that way. These are just a couple examples of what causes discrimination. †¢ How is discrimination faced by one identity group (race, ethnicity, religious beliefs, gender, sexual orientation, age, or disability) the same as discrimination faced by another? How are they different? I think discrimination is faced by all groups the same in one way, they are all getting treated unfairly because of their race, ethnicity, religion, etc. I don’t think there is a single person in life, even a white male, who has not experienced some form of discrimination in their lifetime. However, other than that one fact, I think everyone faces discrimination differently. People of different races deal with being called a lot of names. Also, people with different religions get made fun of for what they believe. Women receive a lot of negativity when they try to move up in a company because â€Å"the man† is supposed to. Gay men and women are frequently told they are going to Hell and God doesn’t approve. The funny this is, most gay people I know believe in God and go to church regularly! Discrimination is faced by many different groups in very different ways.

Challenges to Domestic Violence Prevention and Intervention

Challenges to Domestic Violence Prevention and Intervention What are some of the key challenges to understanding the nature and extent of domestic violence? This paper will explore the nature and the extent of domestic violence, In order to understand domestic violence and how still today this type of abuse is still perpetrated against women we need to look at the history of how women was treated before and what has changed now. Then will continue by exploring of what is domestic violence by looking at the definition from the government and other organisations. We will look that who is affected by domestic violence how this affects the victims and are they protected by law. Domestic violence â€Å"exists in many cultures throughout the world and it was socially accepted until recently in the 20th century, especially in places that with male are dominants†. (Heise, 1995) Historically, women and in particular married women have had no protection in law against violence at home. Until the end of nineteenth century, the legal position in England with regards of violence against women was not whether a man had beaten his wife, but how severe that beating was. A man could legally beat his wife providing he used a stick that is no thicker than his thumb (Abbot and Wallace, 1997) It was not until the late 1960s that this type of violence began to be a matter of an open debate, as until 1940s was still accepted that many man would hit their wives. Not only this violence wasn’t condemn by law but women were expected to suffer in silence and had no resources to law, as only men could institute divorce proceedings. (Abbot and Wallace, 1997) Hence, the feminists were challenged throughout the history for trying to bring this problem out in the open as this was regarded as a private matter. (Heise, 1995) EU-Wide Survey defined the problem of violence against women, as a fundamental rights abuse although the violence against women has always existed it is only in the last two decades that the international community has highlighted the problem and it is increasingly addressed as â€Å"gender-based violence†. (Violence against women: an EU-Wide Survey, p-9) A definition, used by the UK government for domestic violence, is: â€Å"any incident of controlling, coercive or threatening behaviour, violence or abuse (physical, psychological, sexual, financial or emotional) between adults who are or have been in a relationship together, or between family members, regardless of gender or sexuality†. (Home Office 2013) Home office also explained the meaning of coercive control, where controlling is recognised as an behaviour to make a person subordinate, dependant by means of isolating them from sources of support, exploiting their resources and capacities for personal gain and regulating their everyday behaviour. And Coercive behaviour is an act or a pattern of acts of assault, threats, humiliation and intimidation or other abuse that is used to harm, punish or frighten their victim. (Home Office 2013) Considering that domestic violence it is still a ‘hidden’ issue in our society Home Office has widened their definition of do mestic violence and included the young adults as well, where in the past years the 2011-12 Crime Survey found that young people aged 16-19 are more likely to suffer domestic violence than any other age range and was found that they are more likely to hide this form of behaviour than adults. Young adults are more resistant to disclosure of this behaviour as NSPCC report suggests that they feel that adults do not take them seriously also they can underestimate abuse or minimise the effects of emotional abuse due to the lack of visible harm. (Home Office 2013) Where domestic violence is often equated with physical force that leaves some obvious marks or injury on the person. (McKie, 2006) A wider recognition by researches that domestic violence is about Perpetrators power and control over women and involves not only physical and sexual violence, but can include a number of behaviours such as intimidation and threats, isolation and humiliation, behaviour often named as psychological coe rcion violence. (Henrs, Hill, 2008) Women’s Aid included verbal abuse, coercion, isolation, threats and intimidation. Women’s Aid view on domestic violence is physical, sexual, psychological or financial violence that takes place within an intimate or family-type relationship and that forms a pattern of coercive and controlling behaviour. Women’s Aid have made a poster of what one can go through domestic violence, where they listed some of the facts that have been or one might go through. The poster †Imagine† ‘we know what the bully is’ Women ‘s Aid Federation of England (2002) The abusers desire for power and control over the family members and partners it is mainly the cause, the Crime statistics show that domestic violence is gender-specific such as most commonly experienced by women and perpetrated by men, regardless of race, ethnicity or religious group, class disability or lifestyle. (Women’s Aid, 2005) Most cases of domestic violence involve female victims but some cases involve men too and it can occur in a range of relationships. However, whilst both women and man can experience domestic violence, women are more likely to be repetitive victims and sustain psychological or emotional impact or physical injuries or even death. (Women’s Aid, 2005) The figures show that one in four women and one in six men will experience domestic violence at some point in their lives. (Council of Europe 2002). Where around 750,000 children in UK witnesses domestic violence (Department of Health 2002: 16) and the majority of children happen to be either in the same room or next room where the incident happens. (Hughes 1992: 9-11). The extend of domestic violence Researches show that despite the attempts to estimate its true extent this issue goes under-reported and under-prosecuted. Coercive and control abuse is seem to be far more â€Å"damaging form of abuse† (Nate, Women’s Aid) Especially when it comes to reporting an incident, as when reporting an incident there needs to be some sort of evidence to prove that domestic violence is present, but proving that, one is being coerced or controlled it is almost impossible to do so. (Nate, Women’s Aid) A person can be isolated from her family and friends and being emotionally or financially abused, they can be deceived and brainwashed by her partner, and it will take long until the victim discloses this kind of abuse and difficult to prove it. Further more, it takes time until they realize that they are being abused as the perpetrator makes sure that the victim believes them what ever they say its true, they isolate them by limiting their acces s to resources for help, or threatening them. (Nate, Woman’s Aid, Karen McVeigh, 2014) Victims of this kind of abuse tend not to report the incident, as they fear that the Police wouldn’t believe them and not be able to prove until they had physical injury. (Nate, Women’s Aid) Therefore, as the case of Abby Horne where she sought the help of police twice, but the experience of reporting to the police about her partner allegedly assaulting one of her children was so poor it stopped her from reporting the incidents when he assaulted her’. She was told: †you are just a middle-class housewife. You need your heads banging together†. (Karen McVeigh, 2014) an experience like Abby Horn’s puts many other victims off to seek for help. In order to prevent someone being at risk of domestic violence, a disclosure scheme has been implemented since March 2014 across England and Wales. This scheme includes ‘the right to ask’ and ‘the right to know’ such as if one needs to ask the Police about their existing or new partners past regarding domestic violence, they have a right to do so. The police will disclose the information if the records show that an individual might be at risk of domestic violence, a disclosure can be made if its legal, proportionate and necessary to do so. (Home Office 2013) In many cases the dominance over the victim develops and escalates over the years until the perpetrator has complete control’, and the abuse continues long after the victim escapes the perpetrator. (May, Alan Travis, The Guardian, 2014) Home office has created an action plan in order to prevent violence; this plan contributes to change the attitudes, behaviours and practises towards violence. Also to increase the public understanding of the violence by looking at the causes, hidden nature and economic cost society. The prime risk indicator was found, is being ‘female’ but not excluding age, ethnicity disability, religion, and sexual orientation and also the social culture plays role. The economy also plays a vital part in contributing towards Domestic violence where women in household with an income of less that  £10.000 were three and a half times more likely to suffer Domestic Violence more than those living in household income over  £20.000. In 2003 the gov ernments strategy to address domestic violence was to prevent the DV from happening, bring the perpetrators to justice and support the victim, providing adequate housing and financial support to help the victims and their families to rebuild their lives. (Home Office 2003:58) Domestic violence can cause physical and mental injuries, and many further impacts on the lives of victims. Women are more likely to be a repeat victimisation when it comes to domestic violence and are subject to multiple incidents of the same type of event. They also are more likely to be a victim of the repeat victimisation by the same perpetrator of the same incident where as men were not subject to more than one occurrence 89% of all those who suffered four or more incident were women. (Home Office 2003:58) The extent of the violence it depends on the nature of the violent action, frequency, gender of the perpetrator and victim, the effects can be very damaging and have wider repercussions. These injuries are reported as the worst experienced and women are more likely than men to sustain some form of physical or mental injuries. (Home office, Walby, Allen, 2004) According Home office reports in 2013-14 the prosecution for domestic violence has improved and risen in volumes, such as the police reports rose to 103,569, which mean that a rise of 15,459 cases from 2012-12 and 70.4% of these referrals were charged. Women’s Aid found that 88% of the victims said that criminal justice system did not take psychological harm into account. (Karen McVeigh, 2014) Recently domestic violence has been on the headline with the changes that were made to the law as announced by the government that the domestic abuse covers coercive and controlling behaviour as well as physical harm, but at the same time the there has been reports of how Police fail in handling cases to the closure of specialist refuges because of the cuts that has been made for private family law cases. (Mary O’Hara, 2014) Statistics show that Police in the UK receive a call a minute from the public or victims of domestic violence or 1.300 calls every day and two women are killed by her partner or ex-partner every week. (Karen McVeigh, 2014) By cutting legal aid budget it is making difficult for domestic abuse victims to survive and putting them at a greater risk, domestic violence was named as an exception to be founded by the legal aid, but only under specific circumstance such as strict ‘evidential’ eligibility. By putting these conditions on the legal aid an d making it tougher to get access to it, it means that fewer experts for victims to turn to. (Mary O’Hara, 2014) Another challenge for the victims of domestic violence is that the evidence that they need to produce ‘ evidence’ that they have been domestically abused, such as a letter from the GP, time spent at a refuge place, a verification that her partner has a conviction or is on bail. (Caplen, Mary O’Hara, 2014) This restriction, points out that due to the toughness on the evidential requirements, the victims fail to get access to legal aid; as most victims fail to have this evidence as most of the time they do not report their incidents due to shame or fear. According to Women’s Aid report 43% of the victims do not have the required evidence to apply for legal aid and also almost impossible to get psychological abuse evidence. (Mary O’Hara, 2014) Another obstacle is that they must prove to meet the criteria that they have a condition or injuries of a domestic violence victim within 24 months of making a legal aid application. (Women’s Aid) As result of these conditions put on the legal aid, most ‘women are staying in the abusive relationship’. Where 46% of the cases took no actions, as they weren’t able to have apply for legal aid and 25% represented themselves to the court and some either paid out of their money or borrowed money. (Mary O’Hara, 2014) After all the obstacles that they have to go through to get the legal aid in order to prosecute the domestic abuser, there is a risk that Judiciary might undervalue the impact of the domestic violence on women and this leads to the perpetrator being under prosecuted. (Jamie Doward, The Observer, 2014) In some cases the judge tends to be more lenient to domestic abusers, such as Moorhouse’s sentencing history that rose â€Å"an issue of misconduct through neglect of duty† and that Judge Moorhouse â€Å"wholly disregarded sentencing guidelines on domestic violence† as result of this, the crime commissioner claims that Judge Moorhouse â€Å"failed to deliver justice for the public†. (Jamie Doward, The Observer, 2014) If judges fail to follow the guidelines of sentencing on domestic abuse even after determining that there was a pattern of abuse, it results on an imbalanced prosecution as Harry Fletcher added, â€Å"the sentencing of domestic violence cases is a postcode lottery.† (Jamie Doward, The Observer, 2014) Looking at the problem of Violence Against Women other crimes related to gender specific where the majority of the victims are women, such as honour crimes, FGM, forced marriage, ‘death by culture’ Home Office Guidelines specifically recognize forced marriage as an example of gender-specific persecution, and acknowledge that the fact that violence against women is common.., does not mean that protection on an individual basis is inappropriate.† Despite the promulgation of gender guidelines, there continues to be a regular failure by decision-makers to take a gender sensitive approach to refugee law interpretation. This may also contribute on Domestic Violence as many women may be subjet to imigration and their status depends on perpetrator. (Burman Chantier, 2004) To improve the accuracy for the unsuccessful outcomes the recording of the reasons were changed, where previously reasons may have been recorded as ’essential legal element missing’ or ‘unreliable witness’. Also the reason for ‘evidence of victim does not support the case’ has fallen from 14.5 against a rise on victim retraction and victim non-attendance. By these changes it is hoped that the outcome may accurately reflect the issues to be addressed, as on of the main issues is that the victim retracts for the reason of a close intimate relationship between the victim and the defendant. In this case the majority of the defendant are men 92% of the defendant in 2013-14 were men and the majority of the victims are women, the number of the victims has risen to 84% in 2013-14. (Home Office, 2004) Conclusion All in all, it is shocking, in the true sense of the expression, that the abuse of the human rights on women continues today in the UK. The work of the government in the last two decades and particularly since 2007 has helped to reduce the abuse, however, there is yet more to be done. The non-exhaustive list of actions which need to be taken should be required reading by all those interested in eradicating this abhorrent and heinous practice. Nevertheless, in the UK, the courts have to come to the rescue of many such individuals who have been abused within their family home or realtionaships of any nature and granted them legal protection by way of recognising Domestic violence as a form of abuse. by deferring a criminal status to domestic violence it should widened the scope of protection to individuals. References S. Burman and K. Chantier. Culture as a barrier to service provision and delivery: domestic violence services for minoritized women. (Critical Social Policy 24, 2004). 345, 348. Family Law Act 1996, Part IV, c 27 A. Sabbe, M. Temmerman, E. Brems, E. Leye. Forced marriage: an analysis of legislation and political measures in Europe. (Crime, Law and Social Change, 62(2), 2014). 171-189. E. B. Council, T. Hulse. Anti-Social Behaviour Crime and Policing Act 2014. (Image, 2014). 2-8. Retrieved from: http://www.elmbridge.gov.uk/documents/detail.htm?pk_document=25350.accesses on 07 February 2015 A. Shachar. The Paradox of Multicultural Vulnerability in C. Joppke and S. Lukes (eds), Multi-cultural Questions (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999). 88-95 A. Gill, A. Engeland. Criminalization or ‘multiculturalism without culture’? Comparing British and French approaches to tackling forced marriage. (Journal of Social Welfare and Family Law, 36(3), 2014). 241-259. A. Sabbe, M. Temmerman, E. Brems, E. Leye. Forced marriage: an analysis of legislation and political measures in Europe. (Crime, Law and Social Change, 62(2), 2014). 171-189. Legal Responses to Domestic Violence Mandy Burton http://0-lib.myilibrary.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=139452 accessed on 20 February 2015 Abigail Sterne and Liz Poole (2010) with Donna Cadwick, Ctherine Lawer and Lynda W Dodd. Domestic Violence and Children http://0-lib.myilibrary.com.emu.londonmet.ac.uk/Open.aspx?id=231611 accessed on 20 February 2015 CPS (2014) Violence Against Women and Girls http://www.cps.gov.uk/publications/equality/vaw/index.html accessed on 18 February 2015 Family Law Act 1996 http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1996/27/pdfs/ukpga_19960027_en.pdf accessed on 15 February 2015 Women’s Aid, The Survivers Handbook http://www.womensaid.org.uk/domestic-violence-survivors-handbook.asp?section=000100010008000100310003 accessed on 15 February 2015 Domestic Violence, Parliament www.parliament.uk/briefing-papers/sn06337.pdf accessed on 17 February 2015 Home office, March 2013 https://www.gov.uk/domestic-violence-and-abuse accessed on 23February 2015

Evolution of Mobile Device Technology

Evolution of Mobile Device Technology Introduction Since the revolution of the smartphone in 2005 the development progress in this field grows rapidly. It became a part of our life and played a big role to change the attitude of our life style. This technology (smartphone) didnt stop at that level but it spread everywhere to cover all sides of our daily activities. Even anew terminology appear to name this technology is Internet of Things (IoT) where this concept describe any device connected to the internet. All this technology convert our life to something called smart, so nowadays we have smartphones, smart home, smart car ext. These smart devices facilitate our daily tasks where no need to set on the front of the computer or trying to find an open Wi-Fi because you are expecting an important email you dont know when it will be delivered to your inbox. This technology gave the people almost everything they need which has made people ask for more and it became their partner or even addicted. Day by day people relay more and more on the smart technology and they share all information even sometimes the secrets. This information start attract some people for any reason either to sell this information to third party or to blackmail their victim. This bring a new challenge to everybody in the society and there are a new cases daily because of the smart devices. The device can be a tool to attack the victim data or it found in the crime scene in both scenarios can be consider an evidence. Mobile device technology The mobile devices evolution is linked to the mobile technology where each one effect on the other one. Because the mobile device technology required a specific features. First Generation By looking to the first generation and list its features we can guess what kind of mobile device technology can be used in that period. According to (Agrawal, 2015)] the first generation was analog it was introduced in 1980. The technical specification was not that much where they focused on produce a mobile phone. The main feature of 1G mobile Speed up to 2.4 kbps so it was used for calling only It use analog signals (analog telecommunications standards) Poor voice quality Poor battery life Limited capacity No security Focusing on the last two points because they are related to the research paper. Regarding the security at that time 1G does not support the encryption. The security was limited where some phones (e.g. Mitsubishi MT-7) in 1993 has a pin code only. The memory as well didnt get that much attention, but later on in 1989 Motorola (8900X-2) add a small volume of memory which can store 20 telephone numbers in the address book. This generation is limited in everything even in the forensics user couldnt do bad things with it just verbally. Feature phones and smartphones From second generation the improvement obviously in the mobile device technology. (Qualcumm, 2014) Show the evolution on theses generations used digital signal compare to the first generation. This change took the mobile devices technology ahead with new features the users didnt experience them before in the previous versions of 1G mobile devices. In these generations there are basic features with different specifications. The diagram (DAS, 2015) show the different parts of the mobile phone. As the diagram shows the mobile device component, most mobile devices have a common hardware component (GSM Mobile Phone, n.d.), consist of microprocessor, a radio module, read only memory (ROM), a microphone and speaker, random access memory (RAM), a digital signal processor, a variation of hardware keys and interfaces and display screen. The operating system (OS) of a mobile device may be stored in either NAND or NOR memory while code execution normally happens in RAM. The general changes in the mobile devices is the size (capacity, screen) and the speed as well the quality of the display, but some time do any change in the phone means change the component chips used. This changes can lead to another technology. Overview of the feature phone and smartphone Feature phone Smartphone Processor Limited speed(~52Mhz) More speed(~1GHz dual-core) Memory Limited capacity(~5MB) Large capacity(~128GB) Data transmission Speed 64-144 kbps 300 mbps Display Small size color, 4k -260k (12-bit to 18-bit) Large size color, 16.7 million (~24-bit) Card slot None, MicroSD MicroSDXC Camera Still, Video Still, Panoramic, and Video(HD) Text input Numeric Keypad, QWERTY-style keyboard Touch Screen, Handwriting Recognition, QWERTY-style keyboard Voice input None Voice Recognition (Dialing and Control) Cell interface Voice and Limited Data Voice and High Speed Data transfer (4G and LTE) Positioning None, GPS receive GPS receive Wireless IrDA, Bluetooth Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, and NFC Battery Fixed/Removable, Rechargeable Li-Ion Polymer Fixed/Removable, Rechargeable Li-Ion Polymer Feature phone and smartphone has common facility, but the capability is much different. Where both types of phone support SMS (text messaging), voice and personal information management such as phonebook and calendar. Smartphone has a better capabilities and larger then feature phone where it support better screen resolution and have integrated keyboard or touch screen. Smartphones act as a small PC and support wide range of applications. There are many operating system (OS) (Guru, 2015) in the market for the smartphone the top OS popular are Symbian (Nokia), Android (Google), Apple IOS, Blackberry (RIM), Windows (Microsoft) and BADA (Samsung). These operating system support multi-tasking and designed to match the user requirements for a high end mobile device. Feature phones has a closed operating system, so the supported applications, games, personal information management and chat are limited. Memory Mobile devices contain two types of memories. The first type is volatile memory and the second one is none-volatile both of them work side by side. The volatile memory (RAM) is used for code execution. This type of memory is effected by the power, so if the power goes off RAM is lose all contents. The second type is non-volatile memory the contents are not effected when the power goes off. The main technologies for non-volatile flash memories are NOR and NAND. NOR memory first introduced in 1988 by Intel. In 1989 Toshiba introduced the NAND flash technology which has many benefits over NOR memory. NOR came to replace ROM with EPROM and EEPROM. The most advantage of NOR is the reading speed faster than NAND. In the other hand NAND has many features which is not applicable for NOR. These are the general difference between NAND and NOR NOR reads slightly faster than NAND. NAND writes faster than NOR. NAND erases data much faster than NOR. NAND has smaller erase units, so less erases are needed. There are different types of NAND memories but the paper focusing on the EMMC and UFS. EMMC stand for embedded multimedia card this chip is an advanced managed memory. According to (Samsung, 2013) it is widely used in phones, cameras, GPS and smart TV. It helps the designer to save time and make the product thinner. Also it enhanced the storage capacities and speed. One of the advantage of EMMC reduced the development time and control cost. The NAND memories before EMMC required changes either in the chipset or the OS. EMMC is a half-duplex because the interface is parallel so it will be read or write. UFS Mobile devices growth rapidly last few years this bring a challenge to the manufacturer to add memory that (Toshiba, 2015) will have a high bandwidth, high capacity, low power consumption and low cost. These factors were very important to improve the mobile devices. Because adding ordinary extra memory it will increase the cost of all mentioned factors. In 2014 Samsung announce about the new memory which meet the requirements of the four factors of the manufacturer. Universal flash storage (UFS) was built specially for mobile devices which required low power and at same time provide high performance. UFS is a full duplex because it has serial interface read and write done separately. The image below (BHATT, 2014) shows the advantage of UFS over EMMC Challenges according to (Zareen, 2010): The major challenges in mobile forensics are: The changes in the architecture of the new released of mobile devices, where the examiner has to be up to date and do more tests to be sure he can do data extraction. The new mobile devices it has the ability to encrypt the date this can be a big challenge to the examiner. Hardware differences there are different brand and model of mobile devices in the market the examiner has to come across as much as can of brands and model to be familiar about the technology. Lack of resources the rapid growth of mobile devices required new tools and acquisition accessories. Anti-forensic techniques make the investigation more difficult, as an example data hiding, data obfuscation, data forgery, and secure wiping. Passcode recovery the examiner has to work carefully to access the device without damaging the data. Malicious programs can be a challenge to the examiner it may attempt to spread to other devices over the wired interface or a wireless. Safety the examiner life can be on danger, the device can contain different kind of risk on the examiner life. The device may contain a biology or chemical hazards which will impact on the examiner. Data acquire process Capability Logical extraction, file system and physical extraction normally done by software. Even the locked mobile devices and with passkey can be unlocked using software. Not all mobile devices support the same process of data acquisition. Joint Test Action Group (JTAG) support in-system (ISP) programming and reading. It is an advanced hardware level data acquisition in the physical extraction stage. It depend on the Test Access Ports (TAPs) of the device and instructing the processor to transfer the raw data stored on connected memory chips. If the memory support JTAG then the TAP can be addressed of the memory through the JTAG interface. All memory address goes the though the data bus and it can be read by shifting the boundary-scan register value through JTAG chain. In this way the entire memory content can be read by find the memory address. The entire memory can be copied in this way. If the memory doesnt support the JTAG then it can connect to TAP of another device this could be the processor. The processor has direct access to the memory through the system bus. By connecting to CPU TAP the memory can be read. Steps of JTAG according to (Elder, n.d.) Identify TAPs by researching the forums and related websites as well documented devices. If the TAPs cannot be identified then check the device PCB for possible TAPs and trace it manually to find appropriate connector pins. Solder wires to the pinout in the mobile device. Connect the other side of the wires to JTAG emulator (RIFF box, volcano, ATF nitro). Select the memory sitting than read the flash memory. Analyze the data with the forensics tools. Chip-off Chip-off forensics is the next level if the JTAG method not work properly to extract data. This level involve physically remove the flash memory to extract the data from the mobile device then acquiring the raw data using specialized equipment. This way is powerful where it can be used to collect all data from the memory even if the device is damaged jut memory must be in a good condition. The examiner must pay attention to highest temperature can apply the chip to remove before it get damage. According to Samsung the temperature range of EMMC used in mobile devices are -25ÂÂ °C ~ 85ÂÂ °C. Remove the memory (de-soldering) chip using appropriate heat (-25ÂÂ °C ~ 85ÂÂ °C) always the examiner must monitor the temperature to be within the range. Clean the chip carefully to remove the comical suck on the chip memory. Use special chip programmer and adapter to acquire the data from a variety of flash memory (UP-828P Programmer). Analyze the data with the forensics tools. Samsung T479 Gravity 3 feature phone Manual extraction if the device is on and unlocked Isolate from the network Check battery status Check device status Record date and time Browse the device content using keypad or touch screen If the device powered off or locked Isolate from the network Check device status Turn on the device If not start try to charge it If cant be charge stop proceed If the device start but it is locked stop process Challenges Deleted data cant be retrieve because no tools used to extract data in this stage. Error may accrued. Browse the device it can be difficult because broken buttons or touch screen problem. Tools used to record the evidences. Ramseys STE3000FAV Project-A-Phone Logical extraction This stage required special software to extract data from the device. If the device is on and unlocked Isolate form the network (disable Wi-Fi and hotspot, airplane mod) Check the status of the device Document what on the screen and the apps running in the background Enable USB debugging and stay awake Check memory card availability If available copy card Create hash value Reinstall copied memory Connect mobile to PC has software to extract data List of data can be get in logical extraction Phone book Call Logs SMS Calendar MMS ESN/IMEI Pictures Videos Ringtones Audio/Music Memory Card If the device is locked connect to a PC has software to break lock (most of forensic tools) follow steps in 1 Tools used in this stage UFED 4PC, Oxygen and Xry (SIM call not supported) Challenges Cant retrieve deleted data File system If the device is on and unlocked Same procedure as logical extraction List of data can be get in logical extraction Extract user lock Files Decoding File System Reconstruction Bookmarks Calls Contacts Installed Applications MMS Notes SMS Web History Tools used in this stage UFED 4PC, Oxygen and Xry (SIM call not supported) Challenges Physical Extraction This phone doesnt support physical extraction. JTAG This phone support JTAG Samsung I9500 Galaxy S4 motherboard Mobile device Process Samsung T479 Gravity 3 Samsung I9500 Galaxy S4 Manual extraction Yes Yes Logical extraction Yes Yes File system extraction Yes Yes Physical extraction No Yes JTAG Yes Yes Chip-off Yes Internet of thing overview Internet of things (IOT) refer to any physical device which can have an IP address and connected to the internet. According (Fremantle, 2015) the IOT come to facilitate people life and make it easier. It will touch every aspect of our lives, including our houses, work places, transportation and even our bodies. This new technology make humans overcomes the location obstacle between people and the machine enabling them to communicate and interact intelligently. Rapid growth of Information Technology already allowed Internet of Things to start to be as a reality in recent days. If we look around us, we already started to see and touch the smart phones, home automation, smart traffic lights, smart sensor devices at industrial locations, Health services, Radars, Environment Researches, and many other sectors. Definitely, the future of IoT will be full of surprises and new unexpected and unpredictable technologies might be introduced. IoT technology is significantly growing at a critically dangerous pace and Information Technology Researchers predict that by the year 2020, 10th of billions of wireless devices will be connected wirelessly as part of the IoT industry. People will be able to do unimaginable things remotely in an unbelievable time and it is expected that almost anything might be connectable. According to (Lobaccaro, 2016) there are four categories: 1. Integrated wireless technology (IWT); 2. Home energy management system (HEMS); 3. Smart home micro-computers (SHMC); 4. Home automation (SHS/HA). Agrawal, J. (2015). Evolution of Mobile Communication Network: from 1G to 4G. BHATT, B. (2014, 4 13). Universal Flash Storage. Retrieved from Slideshare: https://www.slideshare.net/BhaumikBhatt4/universal-flash-storage DAS, S. (2015, 8 18). Parts of a Mobile Cell Phone and Their Function. Retrieved from http://www.mobilecellphonerepairing.com/parts-of-a-mobile-cell-phone-and-their-function-big-parts.html Elder, B. (n.d.). Chip-Off and JTAG Analysis. Retrieved from Evidence: http://www.evidencemagazine.com/index.php?option=com_contenttask=viewid=922 Fremantle, P. (2015). A REFERENCE ARCHITECTURE FOR THE INTERNET OF THINGS. GSM Mobile Phone. (n.d.). Retrieved from RF Wireless World: http://www.rfwireless-world.com/Articles/gsm-mobile-phone-basics.html Guru. (2015, 10 28). Top 10 Mobile Phones Operating Systems. Retrieved from shout me: https://www.shoutmeloud.com/top-mobile-os-overview.html Qualcumm. (2014). The Evolution of Mobile. Samsung. (2013). Samsung Smart Memory. Samsung. Toshiba. (2015). UFS memory. Toshiba. Zareen, A. (2010). Mobile Phone Forensics Challenges. http://forum.gsmhosting.com/vbb/f672/guide-how-find-direct-EMMC-pinout-step-step-pictures-1724774/ https://www.oxygen-forensic.com/download/articles/Oxygen_Forensic_Detective_Getting_started.pdf https://blog.elcomsoft.com/2016/01/forensic-acquisition-android/ http://www.bulleproof.com/Papers/Android%20Forensics%20Techniques.pdf https://blog.elcomsoft.com/2016/01/forensic-acquisition-android/ https://www.hackingloops.com/android-forensics-tutorial-4-unlock-android-pattern-lock/ http://resources.infosecinstitute.com/android-forensic-logical-acquisition/#gref https://www.gillware.com/forensics/blog/digital-forensics-case-study/forensic-case-files-htc-one-chip-off https://digital-forensics.sans.org/media/DFIR-Smartphone-Forensics-Poster.pdf http://www.gsmarena.com/samsung_t479_gravity_3-3335.php http://www.riffbox.org/jtag-news/riff-jtag-samsung-gravity-3-sght479-unbrick-dead-boot-repair-supported/

Legislation and the Teaching Occupation Essay -- Education Classroom

Legislation and the Teaching Occupation Legislation affects all aspects of the educational environment. Legislation controls teaching credentials, funds allotted for teaching supplies, general public school operation, and curriculum. In turn, the educational environment affects the capabilities of a teacher. Senators and assembly members have made numerous amendments over time to the laws that they have created. Such changes greatly shape the abilities of teachers to teach their students. Teachers must first obtain teaching credentials that relate within their field of experience. Legislation deals with the procedures that teacher candidates must pass in order to receive their credentials. When these teacher candidates become teachers, they have to work with the budget that is allotted to the programs that they teach. The budget also shapes low performing schools, the amount of money that is designated to students planning to pursue a teaching career, and also class size reduction. The state legislatures places many restrictions on the measures that teachers may take to control pupil conduct, while holding teachers liable for anything that goes wrong regarding their students. As a result, teachers are unable to function to the fullest extent of their capabilities due to the fact that all their classroom decisions are hampered by the fear of being held liable. Though local policy makers make the final decision regarding curriculum, influences come from many sources, such as bookmakers, legislators, and even the national government. Teaching Credentials Teaching Credentials focus on the procedures that a teacher applicant must adhere to prior to receiving their credentials. This category primarily... ...l levels. Conclusion The literature compiled consists of sources dating from 1969 to the present. Due to the broad nature of legislation with regards to education, the sources cited focus on particular aspects of the topic. Teacher certification determines the quality of teachers in the workforce. Budget issues decide where funds are distributed, and without proper funds teachers cannot effectively teach. General school operation focuses on the teaching environment. Without the proper environment, the education process suffers. More and more, legislators are taking a part in the shaping of curriculum. If teachers are given restrictive curriculum rules, it stifles their ability to creatively approach different teaching situations. These topics are major influences on the teaching profession, and can affect teachers’ ability to instruct their students.

Depression in Hopkins Sonnets of Desolation Essay -- Sonnet essays

Depression in Hopkins' Sonnets of Desolation  Ã‚        Ã‚   Gerard Manley Hopkins (1844-1889) was, first and foremost, a man of the cloth. He seems to have set his gifts in musical composition, drawing, and poetry at a distant second to his ecclesiastical duties for most of his life, causing him to experience terrible bouts of depression. Hopkins poured out this depression in what are known as the Sonnets of Desolation, including "I wake and feel the fell of dark, not day," "Not, I'll carrion comfort, Despair, not feast on thee," and "No Worst, there is none. Pitched past pitch of grief." In his 1970 essay entitled "The Dark Night of the Soul," Paul L. Mariani tells us that "while [Hopkins' friend Robert] Bridges thought that Carrion Comfort was probably the sonnet Hopkins told him in May was written in blood," No worst, there is none was probably meant" (59). "No Worst" seems to be set rather firmly in the lowest valley of that depression, and the cumulative effect of unrealized professional goals, political visions, and artistic sk ills contributed to its construction. The very finality of the phrasing Hopkins chose to open the sonnet with brook no argument; things can get no worse.       Part of this despair sprung from Hopkins' abstinence from writing. He was a Jesuit who converted to Catholicism in 1866. Due to his religious beliefs, he attempted to deny his talents; he felt that the level of pleasure he derived through poetic expression approached the sinful and "burned his youthful verses, determining 'to write no more, as not belonging to my profession'" (Britannica 1). Yet Hopkins seems to have been drawn uncontrollably to poetry. By 1875 he had begun to write again; stirred by the death of five nuns who drowned ... ...iterature, History, and Culture in the Age of Victoria (Brown University's Context 61). Ed. George P. Landow. 1995 http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/hopkins/hopkins12.html Mariani, Paul. "The Dark Night of the Soul." Originally appearing in A Commentary on the Complete Poems of Gerard Manley Hopkins. Cornell University Press, 1970. From Modern Critical Views: Gerard Manley Hopkins, Harold Bloom, ed. Chelsea House Publishers, New York. 1986. Hopkins, Gerard Manley. "No Worst, There is None," "I Wake and Feel the Fell of Dark," and "My own heart let me more have pity on" 1918. London: Humphrey Milford, 1918. New York, Bartleby Online Oct. 1999. http://www.bartleby.com/122/45.html Reid, John Cowie. "Hopkins, Gerard Manley," Encyclopedia Britannica Online. (c) 1999- 2001 Britannica.com Inc. http://www.britannica.com/ed/article?idxref=503256      

Filmmaking Process

The filmmaking process is an extremely important, long, and complicated process. It usually takes between several months and several years. A film always starts with an original story idea, then a screenplay gets written, and then they shoot it. After that they edit the film and direct it. Then they distribute the film to its intended audience. There are also many people involved in the filmmaking process, from the directors to the cast, to the stage crew. The first step is coming up with the concept of the film, which is the idea. It could be an original story, or a remake. It could be part of a series. It could also come from a book or a play. Then they have to make an outline which describes the dramatic structure in each scene, called a step outline. This tells who will be where, what’s going to be said, and pretty much everything that happens in the film. They also set up all the scenes in the correct order. Then they make a twenty five to thirty five page paper describing the characters of the story and the mood. This is called a treatment. It contains stage direction and a little dialogue. It also has pictures so they have something to look at showing what the movies are going to do. This is the first step of the filmmaking process and really helps when it comes time to develop the screenplay. After this they start the screenplay. Writing the screenplay can take several months. They usually have to rewrite to improve things the dialogue, dramatization, characthers, structure, style, and to make it more clear. They develop screenplays in which the investers and other interested parties assess a process called script coverage. They have a film distributor look at it, and depending on how promising it looks, they guess how much financial help the film needs and how much it will get. Then they figure out the genre of the film, the target audience, success of films that were similar, and the success of the actors, actresses, and directors in previous films. These factors show how much the film will appeal to the target audience. Then they come together and form a film pitch. If the film pitch goes through and is successful, then they have financial backing to make the film. Then they make up contracts for everyone involved. At this time, only the second step, they’ve already developed their marketing strategy, which is how they advertise the film. They also have their target audience. Next is pre-production. During this stage every part of the filmmaking process is designed and planned out. The production is also storyboarded, in which the visual helps the concept artist and the illustrators. Then they have to make up a production budget. This is how much they plan on spending, and it includes insurance in case there is an accident. Then they start hiring their crew. The amount of people varies. If it is an important movie, like a Harry Potter movie, it would have over one hundred people. If it was a smaller film it could include just eight or nine people. The first member of the crew is the director. The director is responsible for all the creative decisions and story telling, as well as the acting. The director yells out action and cut. After the director there is an assistant director, who manages the logistics of the film, including the shooting schedule. There is also a casting director who auditions actors for the characters, deciding who embodies which character best. The photography director supervises the photography during the film. The audiography director makes sure all the sound in the film is correct. The location manager takes care of where the film is located. Although most parts are shot in a studio, there are some things that need to be shot off location. There is also a composer who decides when music should play, how loudly, and what to play. The production designer takes care of the visual conception of the film while the art director manages the building of the set and props. The costume designer creates the clothing for the actors and actresses, and usually ends up having to work closely with them. There is also a hair and makeup designer, who styles each of the actors, making sure they look the same each time. There is also a choreagorapher. As is usual for a choreagorapher they create dances and fight scenes, as well as regular movements. After all of these people are hired they are ready for production. The next part is production. Production is the most grueling part of filmmaking. The cast and crew can frequently spend 12 or more hours on the set, filming only three or four pages of script, often in very uncomfortable ocations. This goes on for days, weeks, months with the same schedule day after day, review dailies (the footage shot yesterday), shoot today’s footage, prepare for tomorrow’s filming. For many people though, this is the most exhilarating part of production and this is indeed where â€Å"the magic happens. † Yet to some people it sometimes seems strange that a movie that will eventually only occupy two hours onscreen could take months to film. However, it does, and here’s just a few of the reason why. The first reason is lighting. One of the single most important elements to a film’s visual appearance is lighting. However perfect lighting does not exist and takes time to create. Lighting must be made consistent (or inconsistent depending) and mood-enhancing, yet remain unobtrusive. It takes a great deal of planning and then man-hours by electricians and their assistants to create a light set-up for even a small set. The next reason is location. Sometimes it is possible to film an entire movie on a sound stage, however, more than likely it requires some traveling. Since science has yet to create a teleportation device and all the magicians who know how to do it won’t reveal their secrets unless televised on broadcast television, it can take huge amounts of time to transport the cast and crew to even one location per day. There are probably close to 100 people involved in a major film, excluding crowd scene extras and so on, as well as literally tons of equipment to go along with them. Another reason is weather. Mother Nature doesn’t really care about Hollywood and can quite frequently hamper production. Usually it is no more than a rain storm that stops production for a day or two, or a heat wave that causes shorter work days. But sometimes weather can be extremely costly. Such was the case of Kevin Costner’s Waterworld that saw entire sets destroyed and sunk by sea storms that not only seriously delayed the production, but also pushed the budget sky-high. Previously I mentioned that lighting is one of the most important elements in a movie. In addition to lighting, and of course the actors, cinemotography is the key element in a film’s visual appearance. Though it takes years of either schooling or job experience to truly learn how to film well, there are a few basic pointers that anyone with a camera and eye towards making something better than a jerky home movie should know (because seriously, those â€Å"How to Film† videos they hand out now when you buy a camcorder are really just a twenty minutes session in which they try to sell you all the accessories). After production there is post-production, which is basically editing. Post-Production involves every step after primary filming, editing and corrections, and reshoots. The process of reshooting is simple enough in concept (though perhaps not in actual process) that we can skip that one which leaves editing and corrections. Editing serves two purposes. First, the logistics of production often make it impossible to film in sequence. And even in the extremely rare case where a story is filmed in order, there are still numerous takes and unnecessary footage between the good shots. Thus, editing serves to eliminate this unwanted footage and to place the events in a coherent order. Second, even simple actions take up a great deal of time on film. For example imagine a sequence of a person getting dressed. In real life this process takes about five minutes. Five minutes in the course of the human life is insignificant, but five minutes in the course of a two hour movie is a horrendous amount of time to spend on meaningless action. If that same person pulled clothes out of a closet and in the next shot walked into the kitchen, the obvious conclusion the audience will make is said person got dressed. Thus editing can serve to eliminate tedious and unnecessary footage so that the audience may focus on the story. Editing can also serve to create. The human eye, when viewing a scene does not remain stationary. Watch two people talking, your eye will jump from person to person to watch speech or gauge reaction. You’ll find it extremely difficult to watch both at the same time and you could end up cross-eyed. Editing also serves to mimic this action of selective viewing. When a conversation between two people is put on film, it is filmed (usually) by switching back and forth between the characters to again, watch speech or gauge reaction. The natural switching back and forth is unobtrusive because in reality, you do it all the time. Thus editing serves to place shots into a coherent storyline, eliminate unnecessary footage, and create better flow. Other examples of techniques in which the editing serves more interesting purposes are parallel editing and montage. Parallel editing is a technique in which two separate scenes are shown to take place at the same time. To do this, the editor cuts the two scenes together switching from one to the other. This is often used in scenes where the character is racing against time, such as the bomb’s clock counting down as the character tries to get out of the building. A montage sequence is another technique in which extremely short shots are edited together in quick succession to create general emotion. Editing is not the entirety of post-production however. Once the picture is edited into its final narrative form, there are hundreds of tiny elements that need to be tweaked. Occasionally, different light schemes will produce different colors between shots, the differences are always slight, however, they need to be corrected to create continuity between shots. This process is called color-correction. Titles and credits, a key part to any movie, are also designed and added. Also at this stage any computer generated effects are added to footage, though in truth this will happen before the scene is edited. While these visual components are polished, the audio portions of the film are tweaked elsewhere. Very rarely are the audio components you hear in the theater the sounds recorded during footage. Audio is recorded onto a separate track, which is kept in time with the footage via a sync machine (this is so your movie doesn’t end up looking like a cheap dubbing job). The microphones used to record the actors voices are extremely precise in their range, they pick up sound only from the air immediately in front of the actor. This keeps the voice quality as high possible. Later on, background is added in when it can be adjusted to suitable levels. So if two characters are walking amidst a midnight orchard replete with singing nightbirds, the dialogue is really the only noise recorded at the time. The other noises, the crickets, nightbirds and the wind, are either recorded at the same location or elsewhere and then added in so that the night wildlife only adds to the mood of the scene, rather than drowning out the speech of the characters. The final steps are distribution and release. They either sell the movie to a company who will release it in cinemas, or to one who will make it go out on DVD. They create movie trailers, posters, and other things to advertise the upcomoing film. The night the film is realeased it is celebrated with a launch party, and then if it is in cinemas, it will get released on DVD a few months later. In the end the distribution and production companies split the profit. As you can see, filmmaking is a very complicated process.

A Feministic Reading Of Donnes Poetry English Literature Essay

To analyze seventeenth century literature, one can barely overlook John Donne and to read done literature, one can non ignore his love sonnets through which Donne ‘s position of love and how he viewed the adult females of his clip, as the object of this love, can be scrutinized absolutely. However, one facet remains changeless ; Donne seldom lingers over the adult female ‘s physical visual aspect, and leaves the reader to presume that the adult female in Donne ‘s verse form is a shady figure, the object or contemplation of male desire, or a sex object to be circulated for the exhilaration and amusement of Donne ‘s male groups. Beauty was merely a thing that happened by opportunity and is accordingly, as Donne concludes, of no existent worth. Not merely was beauty of no existent worth, but neither were the females themselves. These ideals were set forth chiefly by mediaeval and early-modern Christians, who found several justifications for adult females ‘s lower status in the narratives of Genesis and the New Testament ; 1 ) adult female was created after adult male, and hence adult male must be more perfect ; 2 ) Eve ‘s function in the autumn suggests pride, that she was governed by passions, and that adult females ‘s beauty and gender made them possible corrupters of adult male ; 3 ) adult females were clearly expected to be subservient to their hubbies ; and 4 ) as the ‘weaker vas, ‘ adult females possessed non merely less physical, but less mental strength than work forces. Though there were so many statements against the female sex, the female physical ( non needfully sexual ) organic structure and psyche was held in the highest respect, particularly the abovementioned thought of the female as â€Å" vas. † John Donne expanded this thought in his poesy, composing about adult females in a manner that degraded their physical organic structure, their mental and emotional capablenesss, and their relation to the male sex. Women, in John Donne ‘s eyes were seen as a necessary portion of the male-female, body-soul connexion but were unsafe every bit good. Womans, in the 16th and 17th centuries were believed to transport merely every bit much truth – and secrecy – as work forces. Womans were vass that could be filled ( with anything ) ; this capacity non merely made adult females appealing, but made them unbelievable agents of any force, good or bad. The relationship between organic structure and psyche, a relationship Donne regarded as one of common necessity, was the specifying bond of his life. His experiences ( of friendly relationship, love, wellness, unwellness, work, leisure ) were all conditioned by the interactions between the two parts of the ego. As a poet and a curate, the physical and the religious, the male and the female, the layman and the Godhead were inexorably linked for Donne, and were ever carried into his poesy. To obtain farther grounds of how Donne, every bit good as his talkers, views the female organic structure, one must look closely at his poesy ; for illustration, Donne ‘s verse form â€Å" Air and Angels. † This verse form addresses the struggle of Love within the spirit and the organic structure. The verse form begins: â€Å" Twice or thrice had I loved thee, / Before I knew thy face or name ; / So in a voice, so in a shapeless fire † ( 1-3 ) In another verse form, â€Å" The Extasie, † Donne states that â€Å" Our soules, ( which to progress their province, / ere gone out, ) hung ‘twixt her, and mee./ And whil'st our soules negotiate at that place, / Wee like sepulchral statues ballad † ( 15-18 ) . Asserting this anterior belief that souls/spirits can go forth the organic structure to mix with other psyches, Donne carries this belief to the lines in â€Å" Air and Angels. † Possibly how he ‘met ‘ his lover, their psyches negociating far from their physical organic structures, Donne ‘s talker in â€Å" Air and Angels † believes his spirit met his lover ‘s spirit ( a voice or shapeless fire ) while their organic structures lay elsewhere. Despite the talker ‘s declaration that the female was disembodied and â€Å" shapeless, † and merely as psyches are required to take a organic structure, the talker needs to concentrate upon the human signifier ( as sim ply an empty outline/container ) in order to make full it with whatever he chooses, in this instance his love. The female lover addressed is the concrete incarnation required to finish this relationship. The talker describes the determination of the physical being and their first meeting in the 5th line: â€Å" Still when, to where 1000 wert, I came, / Some lovely glorious nil did I see † ( 5-6 ) . When the talker came ( physically ) to where his female lover was, a â€Å" glorious nil † did he see. This interesting line becomes a sexual wordplay sing the female genital organ. If we look back at Galenic theories of foetal development, ( Galen, a outstanding Roman doctor, philosopher, and accomplished medical research worker ) we find that 2nd century doctors believed that the female was an inferior version of the male. Despite multiple grounds for this, one ground was universally accepted ; the female was an â€Å" undercooked † male for the parts that are indoors in adult female are outside in man.The outgrowth of the phallus in male foetuss was an look of â€Å" doneness † in foetal development. Since the vagina remained inside the female foetus, Galen a nd co-workers understood this to intend the female foetus was non â€Å" done. † Therefore, the female genital organ were nil, a â€Å" glorious nil, † and an interestingly present absence. As a consequence, the talker supposes that he must make full that empty infinite, that absence, within this lover ‘s organic structure. He utters, â€Å" Since my psyche, whose kid, love is/ Takes limbs of flesh and else could nil make † ( 7-8 ) . Because the kid of the psyche is Love, Love needs a corporeal organic structure ; a place. Love must take a organic structure, so the talker asks Love to â€Å" presume thy organic structure, I allow, / And repair itself in thy lip, oculus, and forehead † ( 12-14 ) . Her organic structure is the container for Love, and the talker must come to acknowledge and love her physically. Other footings throughout the verse form that suggest her organic structure is simply a container are â€Å" ballast † and â€Å" tender † ( a little boat ) as in: â€Å" Whilst therefore to ballast love I thought, / And so more steadily to hold gone, / With wares which would drop esteem, / I saw I had love ‘s tender overfraught † ( 15-18 ) . In the verse form, Donne expresses that the talker ‘s love is excessively much for the female ; that he invades her and â€Å" love ‘s tender is overfraught † ( 18 ) . What should hold been a stabilising weight ( Love ) was emotionally unwieldy for the bantam vas. The talker had intended to stabilise love ‘s boat with wares which would drop an undistinguished ship of mere esteem, but alternatively had overloaded even Love ‘s ship ( a more powerful abstraction than mere esteem ) , unbalancing the really Love which he meant to maintain safe. The concrete and physical specifics were excessiv ely overpowering for human love, which can non inhere ( be portion of something natural and built-in ) in discorporate liquors. Here, Donne reasserts his passionate belief that one can be neither merely affair nor merely spirit ; one must capture both. Therefore, neither can Love happen its permanency in â€Å" nil, † nor in the appendage or glare of passion or beauty as the talker states, â€Å" For, nor in nil, nor in things/ Extreme, and dispersing bright, can love inhere † ( 21 ) ( Nutt 24 ) . In the concluding lines: â€Å" Merely such disparity/ As is ‘twixt air ‘s and angel ‘s pureness, / ‘Twixt adult females ‘s love, and work forces ‘s, will of all time be † ( 26-28 ) , Donne stresses the Elizabethan sentiment that there will everlastingly be a duality between a adult male and a adult female ‘s love. A adult female ‘s is more fugitive and sacred, yet harder to capture and more widely sought after, hence, le ss â€Å" bodily † and more â€Å" spirit-like. † These factors besides make her love less stable. A delicate balance is required to non merely maintain Love afloat, but to non overburden it every bit good ; even the most carefully placed, but lopsided ballast can easy tip the tender of Love. In â€Å" Air and Angels, † the female organic structure is highly misunderstood, and described as a mere container for Love to busy. Although look up toing adult female for her ownership of a sacred and widely sought-after Love, the full verse form relies upon the female signifier and the fact that it is uninhabited and can easy be filled with a assortment of things. The transforming regard of the witness, need non be constrained by an being outside the organic structure. In imaginativeness at any rate, it might be possible to sail into the organic structure which could therefore look as a topographic point of infinite infinite, a topographic point with infinite possibilities ( 140 ) . Sadly, this filling is non done of her ain will, but of the male talker ‘s ; she must digest his use and idealistic position of love, and addition nil in return save an overfraught tender. And in Donne ‘s verse forms, we seldom hear the female voice, or learn of Love from the female position. In the bulk of Donne ‘s verse forms, the talker is male, and the audience is preponderantly male. John Donne was a clique poet, significance that he wrote to a choice group of close friends, most likely poets themselves. Writing in an epoch where a female was deemed a lesser being than a male, Donne was entirely following the conventions used by other coterie poets by composing misogynous Hagiographas about adult females from a hypermasculine point-of-view. And though he seldom wrote about Love itself, he did compose about Love in the sense that it was an abstract male-female connexion. Work cited The Norton Anthology of English Literature Volume one, Sixth edition. Abjadian, A. A study of English Literature. Tehran ; 2006. www.wikipedia.com

Computer support specialist

Dad we have fixed this issue before did you not take notes. â€Å", So as I talked him through the steps again we got it working. I have chosen to become a computer support specialist. Computer Support specialist Is a helpful type of Job. It can be very flexible. I got to thinking about the way things were going and wanted to start a real career. I did some research and found this Information maybe someone else could use it to help them.A computer support specialist helps all types of people with imputer problems. One can chose to help the regular Joe or a big corporation. One would be able to solve issues with the software of a computer. One could help setup a networking system to insure everything in the house is running properly. One can easily do these tasks from home if it were necessary, therefore allowing some extra flexibility. I don't know about any of you but helping someone out is a great feeling. The expected growth prospects for this field are to be faster than most pro fessions.Job prospects are expected to increase by around fourteen percent, since computer re more widely utilized both by businesses and Individuals. There will be a greater need for assistance by anyone that utilizes a computer. One can help the common household with a computer slow down Issue. Maybe one has gotten a virus on the computer, a computer support specialist could help to remove the virus or speed up one's computer. The workplace could be described in different manners depending on the company. One could actually be working in a single office environment. Some workers will be required to do onsite work.There are also some that even work in heir home. Typically the single office will be divided into cubicles. You will have a computer, phone and other standard office materials. (Bureau of labor Statistics, 2010-2011) A person can expect to earn around $26,580 to $55,990 a year. These numbers will depend on ones level of education and experience in the field. It could also depend on the company one choose to work for. (Bureau of labor Statistics, 2010-2011) A person can get by with a simple certification. Some companies will do specific software training once you start working for them.Some companies will quire a bachelor degree. A person will have to receive periodic update training. As the computer systems change you will need to keep up with the new programs. (.NET online, 2011) Setting up computer networks will also change. In order to do this job there are several qualities you need to possess. You will need to be able to listen actively. It is also required that you be able to communicate on several levels. There may be several Jobs to complete you will need to be able to manage your time. You will also need to be able to teach others how to understand the process you are doing.

Oman Air Essay

Oman Air, the flagship company of the Sultanate of Oman’s Civil Aviation sector, commenced operations in 1993. Starting off as a regional player, Oman Air, as Oman’s national carrier has witnessed rapid growth since the time it was established. Oman Air has played a major role in making Muscat a major traffic hub in the Middle East providing a fillip to commercial, industrial and tourism activities. The history of the establishment of Oman Air to 1981, where it began flights actually in 1993, and we all know that the company emerged as a result of the integration that has occurred between the two companies, â€Å"Gulf Air for light aircraft† and â€Å"Oman International Services†, and later form the Oman Aviation Services â€Å"Oman Air. † As a full-fledged commercial airline of Oman, Oman Air has striven to maintain high performance standards in all aspects of its operation. The Oman International Services was established in the year 1970 & later Oman Aviation Services was founded on 1981 to extend services to the other airlines in terms of cargo handling, ground handling etc. The Oman Air fleet consists of most modern and fuel- efficient aircraft with aesthetically designed interiors. Ultra- modern in-flight service equipment is deployed onboard to improve safety and overall performance. Investment in new technology, planning and product innovation has propelled Oman Air to the forefront of the aviation industry. At Oman Air, we strive hard to enhance our products in terms of convenience, efficiency and service so that flying with us is consistently an enjoyable experience. Achieving and maintaining internationally recognized standards of quality and safety is a continuous and uncompromising process in every department of Oman Air. Strong of the company We can say that the company has a many strong points as following: Destinations Covered Oman Air currently operates direct international flights to major Gulf destinations such as Abu Dhabi, Bahrain, Doha, Dubai, Al-Ain, Jeddah, Dammam, Kuwait and Riyadh from Muscat. The airline also flies to ten destinations in India – Mumbai, Chennai, Kochi, Thiruvananthapuram, Hyderabad, Delhi, Lucknow, Bangalore, Kozhikode and Jaipur. Chittagong in Bangladesh, Karachi, Lahore and Islamabad in Pakistan, Male in the Maldives, Colombo in Sri Lanka, Kathmandu in Nepal, Bangkok in Thailand, Kuala Lumpur in Malaysia, Dar Es Salaam and Zanzibar in Tanzania. Oman Air also flies to Cairo in Egypt, Beirut in Lebanon, Amman in Jordan, Tehran in Iran, London in the UK, Frankfurt and Munich in Germany, Paris in France and Milan in Italy. The airline operates domestic flights from Muscat to Salalah and Khasab. To each one of the destinations that it covers, Oman Air lends a distinct touch of its legendary traditions of hospitality. At Home in the Air – With Oman Air On all international flights of Oman air their offer on-board Duty – Free shopping facility, enabling passengers to choose from a select, world-class range of quality merchandise. A detailed list of products available can be found in the in-flight Duty – Free catalogue. New planes Today Oman Air stands tall with a list of achievements to its credit. It is the first airline in the Gulf to introduce the brand new Boeing NG 737 aircraft series. Their safety record is a matter of pride. Oman Air has excellent on-time performance – OTP exceeding 95% and is striving to better its track record, in times ahead. Oman Air, poised to enter the next phase of modern aviation, in the new millennium with confidence and pride!

Restaurant Service Basics

RESTAURANT SERVICE BASICS Serving means to be useful. The working life is full of market segments, products and service providers. Service providers are people who every day make use of their ability to relate to people, proper handling of vocabulary and perseverance. Service providers do not handle a physical product; they are people selling experiences and creating memorable moments for the client.This is the case of the servers who, despite being the intermediaries between the kitchen and the guest, are the front of the restaurant where they work, they are the image that represents the company, who make the customer experience become enjoyable. While it is true that a restaurant is renowned for the quality of its dishes, it is also true that if the servers do not provide good service, the restaurant will sell exquisite food, but poor service.Among other skills that a server should have are: the allocation of the tables, how to prepare the presentation of the tables and courtesies with guests like REMOVING the chair of the guests to sit, remembering the order to perfection, ensuring that nothing is missing while the guest IS waiting for his dish and of course, thank them for their visit and hope they come back soon. Servers are responsible to reflect a positive image, hygienic, reliable, and helpful. The servers fulfill tasks from loading trays and taking them to their respective tables, to ensure that the guest does not lack anything.In order to provide quality service, the servers must be trained and aware of the right way to serve the guest. In the world of restaurants there are seven forms of service. According to Sondra J. Dahmer author of â€Å"Restaurant Service Basics† in collaboration with Kurt W. Kahl, types that are serving in a restaurant are: French, American, English, Russian, Family-style, Banquet, and Buffet. Each of these services will depend on the rotation of the restaurant as well as the type of restaurant that they service in parti cular.Every restaurant has a unique identity depending on the amenities offered to guests; also the type of service will be defined by the consistency in menu, decor, uniforms, table settings, ambiance and cuisine. I would like to mention and share my reflections of the services. In my opinion, THESE are the most relevant and mentioned in the service sector, and of course in restaurants. The authors of this book share a brief description of those services which says: French service is a formal type of service enjoyed by the few who can afford the time and expense of meals served in this manner.This type of service is used in upscale restaurants, elegant hotel dining rooms, cruise ships, resorts, and casinos. In fact, French service not only is an expensive way to eat, but also is the most luxurious and ancient since the restaurants were created. On other hand they describe the Russian service as: Russian service is very formal and elegant, and the guest is given considerable persona l attention; employs the use of heavy silver serviceware, and the table setting is identical to the French setup.There are many similitudes between the French and the Russian service; the main difference is the way they serve the food, more specifically, the utensils Russian service uses are more elegant than the French ones. In the same way we have the English style that says: English service is used occasionally for a special dinner served in a private dining room of a restaurant. The food is served on platters and the heated plates are brought from the kitchen and placed before the host at the head of the table. English service is also as formal as French and Russian, but this service has also a way to serve the plates which is to the left.The next service is the American which says that it is the most prevalent style in restaurants in the United States: American service: food is placed on the dinner plate. Food is served from the left of the guest, beverages are served from the right, and soiled dishes are cleared from the right. American service also is more casual than French, Russian and English service; probably this is the feature that has made the American service in the form of the most popular services in the U. S. and around the world. And last but not least the buffet service; the most common type of service in many restaurants with all inclusive.Buffet service, guests select their meals from an attractive arrangement of food on long serving tables. Buffet service is the most common in hotels because it does not need a very personalized service, plus it gives the customer the freedom of Selecting not limited and serving many times as necessary. There is much that must be considered to select the type of service in a restaurant, so the management must make it clear the restaurant concept and the way it operates, with the servers that can provide the best quality service and create moments that the client will never forget.