Parenting styles Essay Example for Free

Parenting styles Essay Child development has been a topic of interest of most developmental psychologists, especially in terms of the relationship between a parent and a child (Eisenberg et al. , 2009). There has been considerable effort in establishing a cause-and-effect relationship between a particular approach that a parent employs and the resulting behavior in a child. Unfortunately, the precise connection has been quite elusive, as there are yet a number of factors that could influence the impact of a parental action towards a child. There are also other external factors that may modify the impact of a specific parental action, thus generating a modified response in a child (Jackson et al. , 2008). Another complicating factor to consider in this type of analysis is the observation that children show varied responses to a specific parental approach despite the utmost similarity in the characteristics of the child’s immediate environment. There are also twin studies that depict variations in the personalities of children despite their growth and development in the same location. One widely recognized association between parenting styles and the impact on children is that established by Baumrind (1967). In her study involving approximately 100 children who were at their pre-school age, four dimensions were identified to be strongly associated with parenting. Among these were the type of strategy that was employed in instilling discipline in a child, the degree and method of providing care and warmth to a child, the mode of communicating to a child and the amount of maturity of a parent towards his child. These dimensions could thus characterize a specific parenting style, of which could be easily identifiable among parents. This essay will present the four parenting styles that were described by Baumrind (1967), as well as analyze the impact of each style on the general well being of the child. The four styles of parenting according to Baumrind (1967) The term parenting pertains to a complex action that is strongly associated with a particular behavior that influences a child’s growth and development. Parenting can thus become a positive or a negative factor on how a child with turn out. It should be understood that parenting is a complex behavior because it is often difficult to directly associate one behavior to a specific outcome in a child. For example, the physical infliction of punishment, such as spanking, does not automatically result in the creation of a juvenile delinquent. Moreover, reading a story to a child does not directly indicate that the child will turn out to be a well-disciplined young individual. The combination of all activities of a parent in relation to a child thus comprises the holistic concept of parenting. The main mechanism behind the adaptation of a parenting style by a parent is to control, as well as to teach their child to interact with other individuals. There are two general points that need to be understood with regards to the concept of parenting. Firstly, a parenting style may have variations that would create a unique and personal touch for each parent. In addition to the personal style of every parent, it is also common to observed parenting styles that have hints of cultural, religious and ethnic characteristics. For example, Asian parents are usually more protective of their children than parents from Western countries. It is therefore common to see families that are comprised of three generations living under one roof. A Catholic parent may also have slight differences in their parenting style, as this would include teachings of regularly going to church and in more conservative Catholics, recognizing days of fasting and abstinence. A parenting style may also be slightly modified based on the gender of the parent, wherein a male parent may perform such action using a masculine approach and a female parent would employ a feminine style. Another general point regarding the concept of parenting is that despite the variations in the approaches and styles that parents assume over their children, the main goal of parenting is still focused on the subject of control. Children, especially during their formative years, are highly malleable to external factors and thus every parent attempts to teach their children of the proper ways of going about regular activities in life. Since children are too young and immature to understand the principles and facts of life, parents thus take responsibility of teaching their children and in most instances neglect to explain every situation that comes by their children’s way. The simplest and effective method for a parent to prevent their children from experiencing any harm is to provide rules that would ultimately control their actions towards getting into trouble. Parenting is also related to two essential elements, namely responsiveness and capacity to demand. Parental responsiveness pertains to the degree to which a parent supports individuality and assertion on the part of the child. This element thus allows a child to perform actions that he wants to engage in, as long as these are still acceptable and proper. On the other hand, a parent’s capacity to demand pertains to the claim made on a child in order for this young individual to be integrated into the family. In addition, a parent’s level of demand is also associated with a parent being capable of confronting a child when he disobeys the established rules of the family. Authoritarian style of parenting. This parental approach is generally characterized by establishing rules in the household, of which the children are expected to follow. In any case that these rules are not followed, the parent then imposes a punishment on the child. One unique feature of this parenting style is that most parents do not provide any opportunity to explain to their children when a certain rule has been established in the home (Williams et al. , 2009). The child, on the other end, is thus unaware of the principle behind each rule, yet he would follow the rules in order to avoid getting any punishment from his parent. A strong correlation with the authoritarian style is the quality of having high standards, as well as great expectations on the part of the parent. It is quite unfortunate to see that despite the strict rules in the home, an authoritarian parent does not respond to the inquiries of the child. In addition, authoritarian parents are generally focused on the concepts of obedience within the family, as well as maintenance of the status of this social unit. Authoritative approach for parenting. In the authoritative style of parental behavior, the same rules are established in the household. This may be similar to what is observed in the authoritarian style of parenting, yet the authoritative approach also provides some unique features. Firstly, the authoritative style recognizes democracy in the family, wherein the children may express their concern and engage in discussions with their parents about a particular rule. On the part of the parent, there is also some extent of responsiveness towards the children, as the parent permits the opportunity for discussions and possibly, debate with their children. The authoritative approach to parenting also provides a nurturing environment to their children, including instances when the child has broken a rule that was established by the parent. More importantly, the authoritative parent also forgives a child when he is unable to fulfill the expectations that were described to him for delivery. Despite its similarity to the authoritarian approach to parenting wherein there are rules that have been established in the home, the authoritative style involves regular monitoring of the child, thus directing this young individual as he progresses through his childhood. In addition, the authoritative approach also employs clear and distinct rules that would result in an acceptable standard to both the parents and the children themselves. Permissive approach to parenting. Permissive parenting generally involves an indulgent approach to children, wherein only a few expectations are expected of the children. In addition, permissive parents seldom punish their children because there are no rules to follow at home. The parents also do not demand any signs of maturity, as well as self-control, from their children. In terms of comparing the predominant feature in permissive parenting, the parents are described to be more interactive and responsive, than the feature of being demanding of their children. Using this approach, the children thus sense a nurturing effect from their parents, as they are given the opportunity to communicate to their parents. It is also possible that children feel that their permissive parent is more of a friend than a strict parent. The uninvolved style of parenting. The uninvolved parent is often associated with having only a few expectations, as well as a low degree of responsiveness to their children. In this parenting approach, there is seldom any interaction between the parent and the children. However, it should be understood that despite the silence between the two parties, the basic needs of the child are still met, although the parent maintains a detached personality towards the child. There may also be cases wherein the uninvolved parent is unable to care for the child. The effect of various parenting styles on the child Every parenting style is destined to generate a specific impact on the recipient child. However, it should be understood that the total effect of a parenting style on a child could have inter-individual variations because the environment, genetics and other external factors will also contribute to the entire condition of the child. In general, the authoritarian approach to parenting generates children who are obedient. These children are commonly observed to be proficient in most of their activities. However it is also common to find that their children carry a low degree of self-esteem and often describe themselves to be unhappy. Children of authoritarian parents also find difficulty in interacting with other people (Williams et al. , 2009). Children of authoritative parents, on the other hand, are usually happy, as well as highly capable of producing their expected results. In addition, these children often result in successful lives during their adult year. Children of permissive parents are often unhappy, despite the freedom to perform any activity of their choosing. It has been reported that children of permissive parents are more likely to encounter problems due to illegal activities, as well as result in poor academic performance. The uninvolved approach in parenting generally results in the lowest quality of childhood, wherein children have been found to lose any sense of self-control. In addition, children of uninvolved parents often carry a low degree of self-esteem and are usually less competent that other children of the same age range (Eisenberg et al. , 2009). Variations in parenting styles are mainly due to the differences in the cultures and religious principles of parents. There are also other external factors that influence the predominance of a particular parenting style, such as the size and the socioeconomic status of the family (Jackson et al. , 2008). The educational level of the parents is also instrumental in the parenting style that would be adapted by a parent. Another factor to consider in parenting styles is that each parent may adapt a different approach and thus the child generally results in a specific personality that is the resultant effect of two different parenting styles. For example, the father could employ an authoritarian parenting style, while the mother engages in the permissive approach. The child thus adapts a personality and attitude that adjusts to the presence of both parenting styles. Conclusions There are four general parenting approaches that have been described by Baumrind (1967), resulting to distinct outcomes in a child. The authoritarian style is characterized by a strict set of rules, while the authoritative approach shows more lenience in house rules. Permissive parents often lacks monitoring and self-regulation of children, while the uninvolved parent is often distant to children. The variations in the growth and development of a child may be influenced by the parenting style that a parent employs and thus it is important to constantly monitor the progress of a child’s development in terms of the external influences that surround him. References Baumrind, D. (1967). Child-care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75:43-88. Eisenberg, N. , Chang, L. , Ma, Y. Huang, X. (2009). Relations of parenting style to Chinese childrens effortful control, ego resilience, and maladjustment. Developmental Psychopathology, 21(2):455-477. Jackson, A. P. , Bentler, P. M. Franke, T. M. (2008). Low-wage maternal employment and parenting style. Social Work, 53(3):267-278. Williams, L. R. , Degnan, K. A. , Perez-Edgar, K. E. , Henderson, H. A. , Rubin, K. H. , Pine, D. S. , Steinberg, L. Fox, N. A. (2009). Impact of behavioral inhibition and parenting style on internalizing and externalizing problems from early childhood through adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(8):1063-1075.

The Economics of the South and the Civil War Essay -- U.S. History

Introduction Most people believe the Civil War was fought only over slavery and for abolition. Because of the speech Abraham Lincoln gave â€Å"The emancipation Proclamation,† it looks like the Civil War was a war about the morals of the nation. A war could not be stopped from happening once the Compromise of 1850 happened. The South was frantic to keep slavery going. Their whole economy was bases around the economics of slavery. The North did not realize that there was more than freeing the slaves to do with the war. The economics of the south was free labor caused by slavery. The black slave was a God sent for the Southern states in that it allowed them to make a great profit off their crops. William Freehling said, â€Å"Posterity thinks of slavery as the South’s leading economic interest† (239). The Northern states were against slavery but they did not realize what it would do to the South when slavery is abolished. â€Å"The Southern economy, however, was buil t on the labor of the African-American slave, who were oppressed into providing cheap labor.† (History Central, web) This paper will allow us to look at the complete economics side of slavery and what effect it would have on them. History of Slaveries start in the South The Dutch West India Company was commissioned â€Å"to supply the colonist with as many Blacks as they conveniently can.† (Morison 75) When the South started to be developed in 1625 when The Virginian Company said, â€Å"Any Englishmen who agrees to take out at least 250 people at his own expense was allowed to choose †¦ 1250 acres or more† (Morison 54) This is how the Plymouth Colony was started. These men were not blue-collar workers, for they had money and position. They did not want to work with their... ...nd the North blockaded the Southern ports the south was doomed. They needed money to live and pay for the war and without being able to export their only cash crop they could not keep going. Their whole economy was about slavery and the great economics it creates for the owners, and for the Southern States. Works Cited Allen, J. Michael Allen & James B. World History from 1500. New York: Harper Collins Publishers, 1993, Print. Freehling, William W. The Road to Disunion, Volumn II. Vol. II. New York: Oxford university Press, 2007, print. History Central. "Economics of the Civil war." 2008. History Central. Web 23 April 2011. Morison, Samuel Eliot. The Oxford History of the American People. New York: Oxford University Press, 1965, print. Readers Digest. The Story of America. New York: Readers Digest Assoc., 1975, Print.

A Psychology Essay on Dreams Essay

Since the dawn of mankind, man has been searching for the answer to just one question: Why do we dream? I believe strongly that the reason is not clear-cut and as easy to answer as it might seem. I think that dreams range in meaning and importance. When someone has a dream, there are many possible types of dreams they could have. First of these possibilities is for a dream that involves absolutely no meaning whatsoever. The dream is meaningless and involves a chain or series of events that are unrelated to one another and may be of people or places familiar or not. These dreams are most likely created because of the flash and mixture of chemicals that occurs during sleep. Many times these dreams are actually so bazaar that they have no meaning even to the dreamer. So these dreams are mostly just passed over and ignored. The second type of dream is one in which the dreamer can comprehend everything that is going on but things seem to have no meaning as before. But in some of these dre ams, there are symbols that come into play. When you look at these dreams sometimes they can represent real life events. Often these are predictions about what could happen in the future or are an interpretation of things that have passed. These, like almost all other dreams have significance as a result of bodily rejuvenation processes. This type of dream has a significance I believe in helping the person have the feeling of a good sleep, where things have, if not in some bazaar way, been resolved. The third type of dream is one which makes great and perfect sense to the dreamer but doesn’t have any real meaning. An example of this is dreaming that you are flying. Although you know what you are doing, and are comprehending this, it really doesn’t have meaning in your life. Dreams like this can be quite mentally satisfying to the dreamer. Many times a dream like this can be almost a form of entertainment to the dreamer, especially if the dreamer realizes they are dreaming. When this happens sometimes the dreamer will take control of their dream and can do things they would not normally be able to do in real life. Another type of dream is one where the dream has full meaning and the dreamer can fully reali ze everything that happens. Dreams like this can show exactly the way things could happen in the future, or ways of dealing with problems that will occur or have occurred. Many people believe that a dream of this kind could be an actual depiction of the way things will happen. Many people swear to this belief. I personally do believe in this possibility. Basically, I believe that people have not even begun to realize the potential of the human mind. I think that even with as much as we know about technology, it cannot even compare to the power and unlimited ability of the human mind. I believe that many times, our dreams can actually be predictions about the future. Also, I personally believe that the mind can actually solve problems while in a sleep state. I know that sometimes I have gone to sleep with a problem planted in my mind, and would awaken having dreamt of an answer. Many times this would help me to more clearly confront the problem and resolve it. I don’t really believe in any one of the theories about dreaming myself, but rather think that a mixture of all of them is true. What it comes down to is that dreaming is a chemical process that at the same time generates a side-effect that we call dreaming. But the brain itself actually will control this so that it sometimes has meaning to us. I believe that subconsciously we have areas of the brain that are in-tune to things beyond normal comprehension. These areas develop the real meaning of dreams and their significance in our lives.

Anxiety in Adolescents Essay - 1194 Words

Anxiety Disorder is a sudden feeling of qualms, uneasiness, nervousness, and anxiousness. Symptoms vary for each person. In the adolescent years anxiety shines the most. With school work, and social interaction. In our society, many people diagnose themselves with anxiety, because they are nervous, they believe they have an anxiety disorder. In the adolescent years anxiety is there, but usually mild, in today’s society, because studies show that anxiety has increased over the years. The denotation of anxiety is a sudden feeling of sickness, apprehension, paranoia. Eager and anxious are often used incorrectly, using the opposing one as the other. Anxiety means anticipation of an impending event. However, eager implies that the person looks†¦show more content†¦Hysteria is a mental disorder that causes uncontrollable emotions. When Hysteria was first diagnosed, it was something completely different than it was today. In about the 1800s Hysteria was thought of as a disea se that the womans sexual organs were not normal. Hysteria in today’s definition, causes social anxiety because the patient is anxious, and does not know when their next emotional outbreak will be. Social anxiety is the third largest physiological sickness in America, behind depression and Alcoholism. A website dedicated wholly to social anxiety claims that: â€Å"Social anxiety is the fear of being judged and evaluated negatively by other people, leading to feelings of inadequacy, inferiority, embarrassment, humiliation, and depression† (Social anxiety Institute). Social anxiety is common in our society currently. Many say it’s because of social media. The pressure of coming out of your own shell of strangers behind a screen and having to go out in the real world. Social anxiety is mostly shown at school, for adolescents, and the adolescent having to see other children all day, and almost every day. Having a social anxiety disorder can usually lead to having Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. Having O.C.D, in some cases, means there is no control in life, and the diagnosed patient must keepShow MoreRelatedEffects Of Anxiety On Adolescent Women1681 Words   |  7 P ages The Effects of Anxiety on Adolescent Women Zoon Fonville Eastern Florida State College Fall 2015 Total Word count 2195 1684-157 references=1504 Body WC The Effects of Anxiety on Adolescent Women Research This paper includes five articles that report results from research conducted to observe how adolescents, specifically female, are affected by the anxiety disorders. Blumenthal, Leen-Feldner, Babson, Frala (2011) stated â€Å"Adolescence is a key period in terms of the onsetRead MoreAnxiety Disorders And Its Effects On Children And Adolescents843 Words   |  4 PagesAnxiety Disorders are a common phenomenon in children and adolescents. Research studies have identified both a biological and environment bases as well as the interplay between risks and protective factors determine the development of anxiety disorders. It is relevant that intervention strategies are research-based, as this will ensure the implementation of effective treatment plans. Because of managed care enterprises, it is essential that intervention strategies utilized are researching-founded;Read MoreImpact Of Autism And Anxiety On Children And Adolescents1349 Words   |  6 PagesImpact of Autism and Anxiety o n Children and Adolescents One regarded as rare, autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) – which includes autistic disorder, Asperger’s disorder, and pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), have received a great deal of professional and scientific attention (White, Oswald, Ollendick, Scahill, 2009). ASDs are characterized by impairment in social communication as well as the presence of repetitive behaviors and restricted interests (American PsychiatricRead MoreTreatment Of Anxiety Among Children And Adolescents1220 Words   |  5 PagesTreatment of Anxiety in Children and Adolescents Mental health is becoming more prevalent in todays society as many social groups are working to raise awareness for it. However, while this is the case, sometimes children and adolescents that face the same challenges are forgotten about. I chose to research the topic of anxiety because it is personally something I have suffered from since childhood. When we read the chapter for class on anxiety, it was very hard for me. No one recognized the anxiety I hadRead MoreThe Relationship Between Anxiety and Stuttering in Adolescents1641 Words   |  7 Pagesbetween anxiety levels and stuttering in adolescents? The answer is still unclear. Many researchers have attempted to find out whether stuttering causes anxiety or if it is vice versa. Adolescence is a very emotional time, in which teens try to fit in and create their own identity and are experiencing who they want to become. Having a speech problem only makes the phase of adolescence the more stressing and difficult. That is why I wan ted to see if adolescents who stutter have higher anxiety levelsRead MoreThe Effects Of Anger And Anxiety On Children And Adolescents2537 Words   |  11 Pagesaggression, and anxiety are issues that continuously arise when dealing with Children and adolescents. This issue could be a result of stress, social acceptance, asserting independence, gaining self-identity, and in some cases parenting techniques. Indeed all of these issues are at times normal and even expected at this developmental stage, there are times when the feeling of anger and anxiety become obsessive and overwhelming for the adolescent. Not only does the effects of anger and anxiety disturb theRead MoreEssay on Anxiety and Sleep Disorders in Children and Adolescents 2195 Words   |  9 Pagesproblems (SRPs) and anxiety disorders among children and adolescents. Previous research indicates a significant association between SRPs and anxiety disorders. However, there is limited research investigating SRPs in children and adolescents and their possible effect on functioning during the day. Therefore, this study attempts to address these discrepancies by means of an introductory inspection of various kinds of SRPs amid an abundant sample of children and adolescents with anxiety disorders. SpecificallyRead MoreEssay about Separation Anxiety Disorder Among Children and Adolescents 1320 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper examines the various symptoms of Separation Anxiety Disorder among children and adolescents, the refusal of children diagnosed with Separation Anxiety Disorder to go to school, and the treatments that are used to treat this disorder. Studies have shown that Separation Anxiety Disorder is the third most common anxiety disorder among children. Symptoms are fairly easy to recognize, but must be addressed quickly. Refusal to go to school is one of the most significant consequences of thisRead MoreThe Effects Of Anxiety On Adults And Adolescents From The Age Range Of 17 Essay973 Words   |   4 Pagesseverity of anxiety in adults and adolescents from the age range of 17 through 80 years (Dowd, 1998). Clients respond to 21 statements assessed on a measure from 0 (Not at all) to 3 (Severely, I could barely stand it.). Each statement is an indicator of a personal, physical, or panic- related issues associated with anxiety. The client indicates how much he/she has been troubled by each issue throughout the past week including today, by marking an X to the agreeing measure of his/her anxiety symptom (WallerRead MoreFactors Influencing Parental Involvement, Motivation And Anxiety On Educational Success Of Adolescents2518 Words   |  11 Pagesparental involvement, motivation and anxiety on educational success of adolescents Introduction Adolescents have different levels of educational achievements and socio-emotional nature. Educational researchers have proposed different theories to explain factors responsible for educational outcomes and socio-emotional nature of adolescents. In this essay, influence of three factors - parental involvement, motivation and anxiety on education outcomes of adolescents will be discussed. Firstly, effect

3 Most Common Reasons Women Have an Abortion

For some, its an inconceivable act, but for others, abortion seems to be the only way out of an unplanned pregnancy and an impossible-to-negotiate future. Numbers show that nearly one in four U.S. women will choose to have an abortion before age 45. According to the Guttmacher Institute, a handful of studies over the years have indicated consistently similar answers from women who identify why theyve chosen to have an abortion. The top three reasons these women cite for not being able to continue their pregnancies and give birth are: Negative impact on the mothers lifeFinancial instabilityRelationship problems/unwillingness to be a single mother What is the rationale behind these reasons that would lead a woman to terminate a pregnancy? What are the challenges and situations women face that make giving birth and raising a newborn an impossible task?   Negative Impact on the Mothers Life Taken at face value, this reason may sound selfish. But a pregnancy that occurs in the wrong place at the wrong time can have a lifelong impact on a womans ability to raise a family and earn a living. Less than half of teens who become teen mothers before age 18 graduate from high school. College students who become pregnant and give birth are also much less likely to complete their education than their peers. Employed single women who become pregnant face an interruption of their jobs and careers. This impacts their earning ability and may make them unable to raise a child on their own. For women who already have other children at home or are caring for aging relatives, the reduction in income resulting from pregnancy and subsequent birth may bring them below the poverty level and require them to seek public assistance. Financial Instability Whether shes a student in high school, paying her way through college, or a single woman earning just enough to live independently, many expectant mothers lack the resources to cover the staggeringly high costs associated with pregnancy, birth, and childrearing, especially if they do not have health insurance. Saving for a baby is one thing, but an unplanned pregnancy places an enormous financial burden on a woman who cannot afford to care for an infant, let alone pay for the necessary OB/GYN visits that will ensure healthy fetal development. Lack of adequate medical care during pregnancy places the newborn at a higher risk for complications during birth and in early infancy. The cost of average hospital birth is approximate $8,000 and prenatal care provided by a physician can cost between $1,500 and $3,000. For the nearly 50 million Americans who do not have insurance, this would mean an out-of-pocket expense of $10,000. Thats if things go well and if its a single, healthy birth. Problems from pre-eclampsia to  premature birth  can send costs spiraling. If those births are included in the average, a birth can cost well over $50,000. According to a 2013 study published by advocacy group Childbirth Connection and reported in  The Guardian, the U.S. is the most expensive place in the world to have a birth.   That figure, coupled with the cost of raising a child from infancy through age 17 (estimated at over $200,000 per child), makes giving birth a terrifying proposition for someone who is still in school, or lacks a steady income, or simply does not have the financial resources to continue a pregnancy with adequate medical care and give birth to a healthy baby. Fear of Being a Single Mother The majority of women with unplanned pregnancies do not live with their partners or have committed relationships. These women realize that in all likelihood they will be raising their child as a single mother. Many are unwilling to take this big step due to the reasons described above: interruption of education or career, insufficient financial resources, or inability to care for an infant due to caregiving needs of other children or family members. Even in situations involving women cohabitating with their partners, the outlook for unmarried women as single mothers in discouraging. Among women in their 20s living with their partners at the time of birth, one-third ended their relationships within two years. Other Most Common Reasons for Abortion Although these are not the primary reasons women choose abortion, the following statements reflect concerns that play a role in influencing women to terminate their pregnancies: I dont want more children or Im done with childrearing.Im not ready to become a mother or not ready for another child.I dont want others to know about my pregnancy or that Im having sex.My husband/partner wants me to have an abortion.There are problems with the health of the fetus.There are problems with my own health.My parents want me to have an abortion. Combined with those reasons previously cited, these secondary concerns often convince women that abortion — albeit a difficult and painful choice — is the best decision for them at this time in their lives. Reasons for Abortion, the Statistics In a study released by the Guttmacher Institute in 2005, women were asked to provide reasons why they chose to have an abortion. Multiple responses were permissible. Of those who gave at least one reason: 89 percent gave at least two72 percent gave at least three Nearly three-quarters said they could not afford to have a baby. Of those women who gave two or more answers, the most common response —inability to afford a baby — was most frequently followed by one of three other reasons: pregnancy/birth/baby would interfere with school or employment.reluctant to be a single mother or experiencing relationship problems.done with childbearing or already have other children/dependents. Women specified these reasons that led to their abortion decision  (percentage total will not add up to 100, as multiple answers were permissible): 74 percent felt having a baby would dramatically change my life (which includes interrupting education, interfering with job and career, and/or concern over other children or dependents).73 percent felt they cant afford a baby now (due to various reasons such as being unmarried, being a student, inability to afford childcare or basic needs of life, etc.).48 percent dont want to be a single mother or [were] having relationship problem[s].38 percent have completed [their] childbearing.32 percent were not ready for a(nother) child.25 percent dont want people to know I had sex or got pregnant.22 percent dont feel mature enough to raise a(nother) child.14 percent felt their husband or partner wants me to have an abortion.13 percent said there were possible problems affecting the health of the fetus.12 percent said there were physical problems with my health.6 percent felt their parents want me to have an abortion.1 percent said they were a victim of rape.0.5 percent became pregnant as a r esult of incest. Sources Finer, Lawrence B. Reasons U.S. Women Have Abortions: Quantitative and Qualitative Perspectives., Lori F. Frohwirth, Lindsay A. Dauphinee, et al., Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health, 37(3):110–118, The Guttmacher Institute, 2005. Glenza, Jessica. Why does it cost $32,093 just to give birth in America? The Guardian, January 16, 2018. Jones, Rachel K. Population Group Abortion Rates and Lifetime Incidence of Abortion: United States, 2008–2014. Jenna Jerman, The Guttmacher Institute, October 19, 2017. Wind, Rebecca. Why Do Women Have Abortions? The Guttmacher Institute, September 6, 2005.

Local Disaster Risk Reduction Management - 8884 Words

Republic of the Philippines CONGRESS OF THE PHILIPPINES FOURTEENTH CONGRESS Third Regular Session REPUBLIC ACT NO. ____ AN ACT STRENGTHENING THE PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM, PROVIDING FOR THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK AND INSTITUTIONALIZING THE NATIONAL DISASTER RISK REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PLAN, APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: SECTION 1. Title. – This Act shall be known as the â€Å"Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010†. Sec. 2. Declaration of Policy. – It shall be the policy of the State to: (a) Uphold the people’s constitutional rights†¦show more content†¦SEC. 3. Definition of Terms. – For purposes of this Act, the following shall refer to: (a) â€Å"Adaptation† - the adjustment in natural or human systems in response to actual or expected climatic stimuli or their effects, which moderates harm or exploits beneficial opportunities. (b) â€Å"Capacity† - a combination of all strengths and resources available within a community, society or organization that can reduce the level of risk, or effects of a disaster.Show MoreRelatedDisaster Management: Public Involvement in Disaster Risk Reduction812 Words   |  4 PagesDisaster management has become a hot issue in urban development and human security since threats from hazards and vulnerability are increasing, and have caused the damage from natural disasters to become more severe, and it has become crucial to lower the socio-economic loss. â€Å"Disaster,† is defined as a serious disruption to the functioning of a community or a society involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and having an impact which exceeds the ability of the affectedRead MoreThe Prevention Of Natural Disasters1742 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"The prevention of natural disasters and reducing their impact is a one of the twenty issues considered the most important and urgent global issues in the 21 century. 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Critique Getting Off The Welfare Carousel Essay Example For Students

Critique: Getting Off The Welfare Carousel Essay Getting Off the Welfare Carousel written by Teresa McCrary, discusses thestruggle a single mother in todays world goes through trying to give their children thebest they deserve. The article speaks of the stereotypical remarks, toward the women onwelfare and the accusations of them so called milking the system. Teresa tells us how thenation-wide view of them is totally wrong. The majority of women Teresa knows onwelfare are hard working individuals and would do anything to hold down a descent job,but being a single mother is hard enough without having to worry about some lousyminimum wage job that they more than likely will only be able to find. Teresa herself isworking on her fourth year of college and is doing rather well in her complicated path forsuccess. The article points out that more people than recognized are legitimately tryingtheir best, and forcing them to get a low paying job will do nothing but hurt them andplace neglectfullness actions upon their children. All of these excuses are legitimate andin some certain cases are probably true, but the welfare situation in the United States isgetting out of control and something needs to be done about it. Certain families whorightfully deserve the benefits that this great country provides for them probably will gethurt in the outcome of the reforms, but everyone has to suffer a little in achieving what isbest for the whole nation. This article written by Ms. McCrary is a fine argument speaking for the singleparent families who are actually trying to make something for themselves. I personallyfeel sorrow for those people who truly need welfare to survive, but there are many peoplein this country who abuse the privileges and the systems given to them. This is going tocause some sort of reform to allow welfare to maintain its existence. I agree with herconclusion on needing an education to make it in this world today. I personally am froma family of average middle class and do not have the money to attend college. I was notraised on welfare, although I do understand the concept of money in the sense that it takesmoney in order to make money. I am from a family of six and my parents do not have themoney to send there children to college. I took the initiative upon myself to make theright decisions for my future, and now am unfortunately taking out student loans, butsomeday I will have a degree and a well paid job to pay back my loans and makesomething for myself and family. Education is the path for success in the future and as oftoday. This is only an answer for a certain percentage of the people on welfare and thereare reasons why people cant go to college, but if that percentage did get an educationthere would be a large amount of people off welfare. This would abolish the excuse thatthere are only minimum wage jobs available to people anymore. With an education youcan make enough money to support your family. Aside from the point of education for an answer to the excuses of welfare, aperson needs not to be content with getting by with the hand given money of welfare. What would people do if they had never been given welfare? Teresa McCrary arguesmany more people would be on the streets. I dont agree, I believe they would havephysically and mentally motivated themselves to do what it takes; rather than being lazywith an open hand receiving money from this countries hard working peoples pockets. .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b , .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b .postImageUrl , .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b , .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b:hover , .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b:visited , .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b:active { border:0!important; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b:active , .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ube8e2e49e89f9b18ec4fa81dda73907b:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: ï » ¿Developing Professional Practice EssayOnce again I do believe welfare is a great modification of this country and I dothink it is strongly needed. On the other hand I think alot of people receiving it are doingnothing but abusing the system and taking needed money from other people by theirignorance and stupidity. This is causing the reduction of funds for the legitimately needypeople of our country, such as Teresa McCrary and others who honestly make an attemptto support their families. Reforms are needed in order to keep the money available tothese people, and the best advice that I can suggest is to get an education and make thebest for yourself and your family.